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      Seed priming with salicylic acid potentiates water restriction-induced effects in tomato seed germination and early seedling growth Translated title: O condicionamento de sementes com ácido salicílico potencializa os efeitos induzidos pela restrição hídrica na germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de tomate

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          Abstract

          Abstract: Seed priming with salicylic acid (SA) has been described as a method with potential to improve seed germination under unfavorable conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of seed priming with SA to attenuate the impact of water restriction during germination and early seedling growth of tomato. Seeds were subjected to different concentrations of SA (0, 25 and 50 µM) and sowed on substrates at different percentages of the water holding capacity (20, 30, 40 and 100%). The following variables were evaluated: germination, first count of germination, germination speed index, shoots/root length and dry mass, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities, contents of hydrogen peroxide and of malondialdehyde. Water restriction significantly decreased the variables related to germination and seedling performance. Despite increasing germination speed and seedling development when combined with well-irrigated conditions, priming with SA negatively impacted those characteristics under water deficit conditions. That was through increases in superoxide dismutase activity and H2O2 accumulation. Thus, it was concluded that seed priming with SA does not improve tomato seed germination and early seedling growth under water deficit.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: O priming de sementes com ácido salicílico (AS) tem sido descrito como um método com potencial para melhorar a germinação sob condições desfavoráveis. Objetivou-se avaliar a capacidade do condicionamento com AS em atenuar o impacto da restrição hídrica durante a germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de tomate. As sementes foram submetidas a distintas concentrações de AS (0, 25 e 50 µM) e semeadas em substratos a diferentes percentagens da capacidade de restrição de água (20, 30, 40 e 100%). As variáveis avaliadas foram: germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca da parte aérea/raiz, atividades de superóxido dismutase, ascorbato peroxidase e catalase, conteúdos de peróxido de hidrogênio e malondialdeído. A restrição hídrica diminuiu significativamente as variáveis relacionadas à germinação e o desempenho das plântulas. Apesar de incrementar a velocidade de germinação e o desenvolvimento das plântulas quando aplicado em condições bem irrigadas, o priming com AS impactou negativamente tais características sob condições de déficit hídrico. Isto através de aumentos na atividade da superóxido dismutase e acumulação de H2O2. Assim, conclui-se que o condicionamento de sementes com AS não aprimora a germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de tomate sob condições de déficit hídrico.

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          Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds.

          Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Seed germination and seedling growth are the stages most sensitive to salinity. Salt stress causes adverse physiological and biochemical changes in germinating seeds. It can affect the seed germination and stand establishment through osmotic stress, ion-specific effects and oxidative stress. The salinity delays or prevents the seed germination through various factors, such as a reduction in water availability, changes in the mobilization of stored reserves and affecting the structural organization of proteins. Various techniques can improve emergence and stand establishment under salt conditions. One of the most frequently utilized is seed priming. The process of seed priming involves prior exposure to an abiotic stress, making a seed more resistant to future exposure. Seed priming stimulates the pre-germination metabolic processes and makes the seed ready for radicle protrusion. It increases the antioxidant system activity and the repair of membranes. These changes promote seed vigor during germination and emergence under salinity stress. The aim of this paper is to review the recent literature on the response of plants to seed priming under salinity stress. The mechanism of the effect of salinity on seed germination is discussed and the seed priming process is summarized. Physiological, biochemical and molecular changes induced by priming that lead to seed enhancement are covered. Plants' responses to some priming agents under salinity stress are reported based on the best available data. For a great number of crops, little information exists and further research is needed.
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            Catalase function in plants: a focus on Arabidopsis mutants as stress-mimic models.

            Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is an important signal molecule involved in plant development and environmental responses. Changes in H(2)O(2) availability can result from increased production or decreased metabolism. While plants contain several types of H(2)O(2)-metabolizing proteins, catalases are highly active enzymes that do not require cellular reductants as they primarily catalyse a dismutase reaction. This review provides an update on plant catalase genes, function, and subcellular localization, with a focus on recent information generated from studies on Arabidopsis. Original data are presented on Arabidopsis catalase single and double mutants, and the use of some of these lines as model systems to investigate the outcome of increases in intracellular H(2)O(2) are discussed. Particular attention is paid to interactions with cell thiol-disulphide status; the use of catalase-deficient plants to probe the apparent redundancy of reductive H(2)O(2)-metabolizing pathways; the importance of irradiance and growth daylength in determining the outcomes of catalase deficiency; and the induction of pathogenesis-related responses in catalase-deficient lines. Within the context of strategies aimed at understanding and engineering plant stress responses, the review also considers whether changes in catalase activities in wild-type plants are likely to be a significant part of plant responses to changes in environmental conditions or biotic challenge.
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              Different Modes of Hydrogen Peroxide Action During Seed Germination

              Hydrogen peroxide was initially recognized as a toxic molecule that causes damage at different levels of cell organization and thus losses in cell viability. From the 1990s, the role of hydrogen peroxide as a signaling molecule in plants has also been discussed. The beneficial role of H2O2 as a central hub integrating signaling network in response to biotic and abiotic stress and during developmental processes is now well established. Seed germination is the most pivotal phase of the plant life cycle, affecting plant growth and productivity. The function of hydrogen peroxide in seed germination and seed aging has been illustrated in numerous studies; however, the exact role of this molecule remains unknown. This review evaluates evidence that shows that H2O2 functions as a signaling molecule in seed physiology in accordance with the known biology and biochemistry of H2O2. The importance of crosstalk between hydrogen peroxide and a number of signaling molecules, including plant phytohormones such as abscisic acid, gibberellins, and ethylene, and reactive molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide acting on cell communication and signaling during seed germination, is highlighted. The current study also focuses on the detrimental effects of H2O2 on seed biology, i.e., seed aging that leads to a loss of germination efficiency. The dual nature of hydrogen peroxide as a toxic molecule on one hand and as a signal molecule on the other is made possible through the precise spatial and temporal control of its production and degradation. Levels of hydrogen peroxide in germinating seeds and young seedlings can be modulated via pre-sowing seed priming/conditioning. This rather simple method is shown to be a valuable tool for improving seed quality and for enhancing seed stress tolerance during post-priming germination. In this review, we outline how seed priming/conditioning affects the integrative role of hydrogen peroxide in seed germination and aging.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jss
                Journal of Seed Science
                J. Seed Sci.
                ABRATES - Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes (Londrina, PR, Brazil )
                2317-1537
                2317-1545
                2020
                : 42
                : e202042031
                Affiliations
                [1] Capão do Leão Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Departamento de Botânica Brazil
                [2] Capão do Leão Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pelotas orgdiv1Departamento de Fitotecnia Brazil
                Article
                S2317-15372020000100128 S2317-1537(20)04200000128
                10.1590/2317-1545v42234256
                9816d2be-4156-427b-90f1-71ee27989297

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 February 2020
                : 31 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Article

                drought stress,agente priming,fitohormônio,estresse hídrico,atividade antioxidante,Solanum lycopersicum L,ROS,priming agent,phytohormone,antioxidant activity,EROs

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