Review of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus  Tobochares  Short & García, 2007 ( Coleoptera ,  Hydrophilidae ,  Acidocerinae ): new lineages, new species, and new records

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Abstract

The water scavenger beetle genus Tobochares Short & García, 2007 currently contains ten species, including one known but formally undescribed taxon. Although Tobochares was revised in 2017, ongoing fieldwork as well as an expanded concept of the genus has led to the recognition of numerous additional species. Here a combination of morphological and molecular data is presented to review this newly found Tobochares diversity. Fifteen new species are described from South America, bringing the total number of known species to 25: Tobochares akoerio sp. nov. (Suriname), T. arawak sp. nov. (Guyana), T. anthonyae sp. nov. (Venezuela: Bolívar), T. atures sp. nov., (Venezuela: Amazonas), T. benettii sp. nov. (Brazil: Amazonas), T. canaima sp. nov. (Venezuela: Bolívar), T. communis sp. nov. (Brazil: Amapá and Roraima, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela: Bolívar), T. fusus sp. nov. (Brazil: Amapá, French Guiana), T. goias sp. nov. (Brazil: Goiás), T. kappel sp. nov. (Suriname), T. kolokoe sp. nov. (Suriname), T. luteomargo sp. nov. (Venezuela: Bolívar), T. microps sp. nov. (Suriname), T. pemon sp. nov. (Venezuela: Bolívar), and T. romanoae sp. nov. (Brazil: Roraima). Both morphological and molecular analyses support four clades within the genus, which are here diagnosed and described as species groups. New distributional records are provided for T. kusad Kohlenberg & Short, 2017 and T. sipaliwini Short & Kadosoe, 2011, both of which are recorded from Brazil for the first time. Previously restricted to the Guiana Shield region of South America, the distributional range of the genus is now broadly expanded to include localities as far south as the central Brazilian state of Goiás. Consistent with the biology of the previously described species, almost all the new species described here are associated with seepage and wet rock habitats. Remarkably, one species, T. fusus sp. nov., was collected in both seepage habitats as well as in the rotting fruits of Clusia Linnaeus ( Clusiaceae ), making it one of the few known acidocerines with terrestrial habits outside of the genus Quadriops Hansen, 1999. High-resolution images of most species are included, as well as a key to species groups, species, and habitat photographs.

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Resumen

El género de escarabajos acuáticos detritívoros Tobochares Short & García, 2007 actualmente contiene 10 especies, incluyendo un taxón conocido, pero no descrito. Aunque el género fue revisado en 2017, trabajo de campo en curso, así como un concepto ampliado del género han llevado al reconocimiento de numerosas especies adicionales. Aquí presentamos una combinación de datos morfológicos y moleculares para revisar esta diversidad de Tobochares recientemente encontrada. Quince especies nuevas son descritas de Suramérica, elevando el número total de especies conocidas a 25: Tobochares akoerio sp. nov. (Surinam), T. arawak sp. nov. (Guyana), T. anthonyae sp. nov. (Venezuela: Bolívar), T. atures sp. nov., (Venezuela: Amazonas), T. benettii sp. nov. (Brasil: Amazonas), T. canaima sp. nov. (Venezuela: Bolívar), T. communis sp. nov. (Brasil: Amapá y Roraima, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela: Bolívar), T. fusus sp. nov. (Brasil: Amapá, Guyana Francesa), T. goias sp. nov. (Brasil: Goiás), T. kappel sp. nov. (Surinam), T. kolokoe sp. nov. (Surinam), T. luteomargo sp. nov. (Venezuela: Bolívar), T. microps sp. nov. (Surinam), T. pemon sp. nov. (Venezuela: Bolívar), y T. romanoae sp. nov. (Brasil: Roraima). También encontramos soporte morfológico y molecular para cuatro clados dentro del género, los cuales son aquí diagnosticados y descritos como grupos de especies. Nuevos registros de distribución son provistos para T. kusad Kohlenberg & Short, 2017 y T. sipaliwini Short & Kadosoe, 2011, ambos registrados para Brasil por primera vez. Previamente restringido a la región del Escudo Guyanés de Suramérica, el rango de distribución del género es ahora ampliamente expandido para incluir localidades tan al sur como el estado de Goiás en el centro de Brasil. Consistentes con la biología de las especies previamente conocidas, casi todas las especies descritas aquí están asociadas con hábitats higropétricos o áreas de drenaje sobre rocas. Notablemente, una especie, T. fusus sp. nov., fue colectada tanto en hábitats higropétricos como en frutos en descomposición de Clusia Linneo ( Clusiaceae ), constituyéndose en uno de los pocos acidocerinos conocidos con hábitos terrestres fuera del género Quadriops Hansen, 1999. Se incluyen imágenes de alta resolución de la mayoría de las especies incluidas, una clave para los grupos de especies y las especies, así como fotografías de los hábitats.

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IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies

Lam-Tung Nguyen, Heiko Schmidt, Arndt von Haeseler … (2014)

Large phylogenomics data sets require fast tree inference methods, especially for maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenies. Fast programs exist, but due to inherent heuristics to find optimal trees, it is not clear whether the best tree is found. Thus, there is need for additional approaches that employ different search strategies to find ML trees and that are at the same time as fast as currently available ML programs. We show that a combination of hill-climbing approaches and a stochastic perturbation method can be time-efficiently implemented. If we allow the same CPU time as RAxML and PhyML, then our software IQ-TREE found higher likelihoods between 62.2% and 87.1% of the studied alignments, thus efficiently exploring the tree-space. If we use the IQ-TREE stopping rule, RAxML and PhyML are faster in 75.7% and 47.1% of the DNA alignments and 42.2% and 100% of the protein alignments, respectively. However, the range of obtaining higher likelihoods with IQ-TREE improves to 73.3-97.1%.

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Ultrafast Approximation for Phylogenetic Bootstrap

Bui Minh, Minh Nguyen, Arndt von Haeseler (2013)

Nonparametric bootstrap has been a widely used tool in phylogenetic analysis to assess the clade support of phylogenetic trees. However, with the rapidly growing amount of data, this task remains a computational bottleneck. Recently, approximation methods such as the RAxML rapid bootstrap (RBS) and the Shimodaira–Hasegawa-like approximate likelihood ratio test have been introduced to speed up the bootstrap. Here, we suggest an ultrafast bootstrap approximation approach (UFBoot) to compute the support of phylogenetic groups in maximum likelihood (ML) based trees. To achieve this, we combine the resampling estimated log-likelihood method with a simple but effective collection scheme of candidate trees. We also propose a stopping rule that assesses the convergence of branch support values to automatically determine when to stop collecting candidate trees. UFBoot achieves a median speed up of 3.1 (range: 0.66–33.3) to 10.2 (range: 1.32–41.4) compared with RAxML RBS for real DNA and amino acid alignments, respectively. Moreover, our extensive simulations show that UFBoot is robust against moderate model violations and the support values obtained appear to be relatively unbiased compared with the conservative standard bootstrap. This provides a more direct interpretation of the bootstrap support. We offer an efficient and easy-to-use software (available at http://www.cibiv.at/software/iqtree) to perform the UFBoot analysis with ML tree inference.

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Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Quadriops Hansen, 1999 ( Coleoptera , Hydrophilidae , Acidocerinae )

Jennifer Girón, Andrew Edward Z. Short (2017)

Abstract The genus Quadriops Hansen, 1999 is revised and redescribed. The genus is found to contain six species, including two that are here described as new: Quadriops clusia sp. n. (Brazil, Guyana, Suriname) and Q. acroreius sp. n. (Suriname, French Guiana). Two species are found to be junior subjective synonyms of Q. depressus Hansen, 1999: Q. amazonensis García, 2000, syn. n. and Q. politus Hansen, 1999, syn. n. The male of Q. similaris Hansen, 1999 is described for the first time. New records are provided for Q. dentatus Hansen, 1999, Q. reticulatus Hansen, 1999, and Q. similaris . All species are described and illustrated in detail. Most species are confirmed as having a terrestrial way of life, with several species being found in rotten fruits, sap flows, and dead wood. Furthermore, we discuss ecological trends of the species given their collecting information.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Andrew Edward Z. Short

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Zookeys

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Zookeys

Journal ID (publisher-id): 2

Journal ID (index): urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E

Journal ID (aggregator): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A

Title: ZooKeys

Publisher: Pensoft Publishers

ISSN (Print): 1313-2989

ISSN (Electronic): 1313-2970

Publication date Collection: 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 22 February 2021

Volume: 1019

Pages: 93-140

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Purdue University West Lafayette United States of America

[2 ] Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA Museum of Texas Tech University Lubbock United States of America

[3 ] Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA University of Kansas Lawrence United States of America

Author notes

Corresponding author: Andrew Edward Z. Short ( aezshort@ 123456ku.edu , jcgiron@ 123456ku.edu )

Academic editor: M. Michat

Author information

Jennifer C. Girón https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883

Article

Publisher ID: 59881

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1019.59881

PMC ID: 7921074

SO-VID: 987f7e1a-efd7-4e0c-8925-bde1b02501fb

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 21 October 2020

Date accepted : 07 January 2021

Funding

US National Science Foundation

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Review of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Tobochares Short & García, 2007 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae): new lineages, new species, and new records

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Most cited references 8

IQ-TREE: A Fast and Effective Stochastic Algorithm for Estimating Maximum-Likelihood Phylogenies

Ultrafast Approximation for Phylogenetic Bootstrap

Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Quadriops Hansen, 1999 ( Coleoptera , Hydrophilidae , Acidocerinae )

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