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      Teor e dinâmica do carbono no solo em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária Translated title: Contents and dynamics of soil carbon in integrated crop-livestock systems

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de sistemas de manejo do solo alterarem os teores e a dinâmica do carbono no solo. Foram avaliados a vegetação natural e sistemas de manejo compostos de pastagens, lavouras anuais em preparo convencional e em plantio direto, e rotação de pastagem com lavoura, em experimentos de longa duração conduzidos em Dourados, Maracaju e Campo Grande, MS. Os experimentos foram dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em Dourados e Maracaju, e em blocos ao acaso em Campo Grande. Foram determinados os teores e os estoques de C total no solo e em frações granulométricas da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS). A qualidade da MOS foi estimada pela relação entre o C nas frações lábil e não lábil, e expressa na forma de labilidade. A pastagem, permanente ou em rotação com lavouras, aumentou o C na fração particulada e a labilidade da MOS. As menores taxas de acúmulo e os menores estoques de C no solo foram observados nos sistemas apenas com lavouras anuais, enquanto os maiores valores foram registrados nos sistemas com pastagens.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of soil management systems to change the contents and dynamics of soil carbon. Natural vegetation and systems composed of perennial tropical pastures, annual crops under conventional tillage and no-tillage systems, and pasture rotation with annual crops were evaluated in long-term experiments carried out in Dourados, Maracaju and Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The experiments were set in a completely randomized block design, in Dourados and Maracaju, and in a randomized complete block design in Campo Grande. Contents and stocks of total C in soil and in soil organic matter (SOM) fractions were measured. The quality of SOM was estimated by the ratio of C in labile and nonlabile fractions, and expressed in the form of lability. Permanent pasture or pasture in rotation with crops increased C in the particulate fraction and the SOM lability. Lower rates of accumulation and of stocks of soil C were observed in systems explored only with annual crops, while higher values were recorded in systems with pasture.

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          Most cited references27

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          Methods for physical separation and characterization of soil organic matter fractions

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            Matéria orgânica e agregação do solo na rotação lavoura-pastagem em ambiente tropical

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              Soil carbon dynamics in cropland and rangeland.

              R. Lal (2001)
              Most soils in the Midwestern USA have lost 30 to 50% of their original pool, or 25 to 40 Mg C/ha, upon conversion from natural to agricultural ecosystems. About 60 to 70% of the C thus depleted can be resequestered through adoption of recommended soil and crop management practices. These practices include conversion from plow till to no till, frequent use of winter cover crops in the rotation cycle, elimination of summer fallow, integrated nutrient management along with liberal use of biosolids and biological nitrogen fixation, precision farming to minimize losses and enhance fertilizer use efficiency, and use of improved varieties with ability to produce large root biomass with high content of lignin and suberin. The gross rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration ranges from 500 to 800 kg/ha/year in cold and humid regions and 100 to 300 kg/ha/year in dry and warm regions. The rate of SOC sequestration can be measured with procedures that are cost effective and credible at soil pedon level, landscape level, regional or national scale. In addition to SOC, there is also a large potential to sequester soil inorganic carbon (SIC) in arid and semi-arid regions. Soil C sequestration has numerous ancillary benefits. It is truly a win-win situation: extremely cost-effective, and a bridge to the future until alternative energy options take effect.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Informação Tecnológica (Brasília )
                1678-3921
                October 2011
                : 46
                : 10
                : 1349-1356
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S0100-204X2011001000031
                10.1590/S0100-204X2011001000031
                991b5f07-745c-482f-ae17-a40470105f92

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-204X&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Animal agriculture,General agriculture
                Urochloa decumbens,labile fraction,pastures,no-tillage,organic matter quality,fração lábil,pastagens,plantio direto,qualidade da matéria orgânica

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