Co-occurrence of Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts with  Homo erectus  cranial fossils from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia

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Abstract

Homo erectus was anatomically variable and behaviorally flexible using both Oldowan and Acheulian artifacts.

Abstract

Although stone tools generally co-occur with early members of the genus Homo, they are rarely found in direct association with hominins. We report that both Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts and Homo erectus crania were found in close association at 1.26 million years (Ma) ago at Busidima North (BSN12), and ca. 1.6 to 1.5 Ma ago at Dana Aoule North (DAN5) archaeological sites at Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. The BSN12 partial cranium is robust and large, while the DAN5 cranium is smaller and more gracile, suggesting that H. erectus was probably a sexually dimorphic species. The evidence from Gona shows behavioral diversity and flexibility with a lengthy and concurrent use of both stone technologies by H. erectus, confounding a simple “single species/single technology” view of early Homo.

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The complete genome sequence of a Neandertal from the Altai Mountains

Kay Prüfer, Fernando Racimo, Nick Patterson … (2014)

We present a high-quality genome sequence of a Neandertal woman from Siberia. We show that her parents were related at the level of half siblings and that mating among close relatives was common among her recent ancestors. We also sequenced the genome of a Neandertal from the Caucasus to low coverage. An analysis of the relationships and population history of available archaic genomes and 25 present-day human genomes shows that several gene flow events occurred among Neandertals, Denisovans and early modern humans, possibly including gene flow into Denisovans from an unknown archaic group. Thus, interbreeding, albeit of low magnitude, occurred among many hominin groups in the Late Pleistocene. In addition, the high quality Neandertal genome allows us to establish a definitive list of substitutions that became fixed in modern humans after their separation from the ancestors of Neandertals and Denisovans.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Adv

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Adv

Journal ID (publisher-id): SciAdv

Journal ID (hwp): advances

Title: Science Advances

Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science

ISSN (Electronic): 2375-2548

Publication date Collection: March 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 06 March 2020

Volume: 6

Issue: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: eaaw4694

Affiliations

[1 ]Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Sierra de Atapuerca 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain.

[2 ]Stone Age Institute and CRAFT Research Center, 1392 W. Dittemore Rd., Gosport, IN 47408, USA.

[3 ]Department of Anthropology, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA.

[4 ]Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

[5 ]Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

[6 ]Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, 1100 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

[7 ]Department of Geosciences/Desert Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

[8 ]New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Earth and Environmental Science Department, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801-4796, USA.

[9 ]Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain.

[10 ]IPHES, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Zona Educacional 4–Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain.

[11 ]Watershed Studies Institute and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071, USA.

[12 ]Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA.

[13 ]The University of Utah, 201 South Presidents Circle Room 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

[14 ]Department of Physics, University of Portland, Portland, OR 97203, USA.

[15 ]Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

[16 ]Chevron Energy Technology Company, 1500 Louisiana St., Houston, TX 77002, USA.

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author. Email: sileshi.semaw@ 123456cenieh.es

[†]

Deceased.

Author information

Sileshi Semaw http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8377-8288

Michael J. Rogers http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-5460

Scott W. Simpson http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3347-8604

Naomi E. Levin http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-3717

Jay Quade http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2342-858X

Nelia Dunbar http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5181-937X

Isabel Cáceres http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8487-2591

Gary E. Stinchcomb http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-7762

Article

Publisher ID: aaw4694

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw4694

PMC ID: 7056306

PubMed ID: 32181331

SO-VID: 9921b44f-f102-453c-ad1c-8f561cad7612

Copyright © Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 21 December 2018

Date accepted : 19 November 2019

Funding

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001, National Science Foundation;

Award ID: RHOI BCS-0321893

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100001388, Wenner-Gren Foundation;

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005966, Leakey Foundation;

Funded by: doi http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006363, National Geographic Society;

Funded by: MINECO;

Award ID: HAR2013-41351-P

Funded by: MINECO;

Funded by: Stone Age Institute;

Funded by: US National Science Foundation;

Award ID: SBR-9910974

Funded by: EU Marie Curie;

Award ID: FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG

Funded by: Rogers Family Foundation;

Funded by: Aguar Agency;

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Copyeditor Jeanelle Ebreo

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Co-occurrence of Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts with Homo erectus cranial fossils from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia

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Most cited references 49

The least-squares line and plane and the analysis of palaeomagnetic data

Dispersion on a Sphere

The complete genome sequence of a Neandertal from the Altai Mountains

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