Experimental validation of a predicted feedback loop in the multi-oscillator clock of Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract

Our computational model of the circadian clock comprised the feedback loop between LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL ( LHY), CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 ( CCA1) and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 ( TOC1), and a predicted, interlocking feedback loop involving TOC1 and a hypothetical component Y. Experiments based on model predictions suggested GIGANTEA ( GI) as a candidate for Y. We now extend the model to include a recently demonstrated feedback loop between the TOC1 homologues PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 ( PRR7) , PRR9 and LHY and CCA1. This three-loop network explains the rhythmic phenotype of toc1 mutant alleles. Model predictions fit closely to new data on the gi;lhy;cca1 mutant, which confirm that GI is a major contributor to Y function. Analysis of the three-loop network suggests that the plant clock consists of morning and evening oscillators, coupled intracellularly, which may be analogous to coupled, morning and evening clock cells in Drosophila and the mouse.