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      Serologías reactivas en donantes del Banco de Sangre del Hospital de Clínicas, Paraguay Translated title: Reactive serologies in donors from the Blood Bank of the Hospital de Clínicas, Paraguay

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: las infecciones transmisibles por transfusión constituyen una complicación, ocasionando morbilidad y mortalidad en los receptores de sangre y derivados. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de serologías reactivas y la asociación con las características sociodemográficas de los donantes del Banco Sangre del Hospital de Clínicas de San Lorenzo, en el año 2018. Material y método: diseño observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Se incluyó a donantes del Banco de Sangre del Hospital de Clínicas del periodo de enero a diciembre del 2018. Se midieron las variables demográficas (edad y sexo), la presencia o ausencia de serologías reactivas para hepatitis B y C, VIH, enfermedad de Chagas, HTLV I-II y Treponema pallidum. Resultados: la prevalencia global de las serologías reactivas en donantes fue 2,78%. De los 278 donantes incluidos en el estudio, 66,91% fueron masculinos, la media de edad fue 40,89 ± 11 años. Las serologías positivas más frecuentes fueron: hepatitis B 53,96%, enfermedad de Chagas 34,89% y sífilis 20,14%. Existe asociación entre sexo femenino y hepatitis C (p 0,001), procedencia del donante y serología positiva para enfermedad de Chagas, (p 0,005), para hepatitis C (p 0,001) y para Treponema pallidum (p 0,04). Conclusión: las serologías reactivas en donantes del Banco de Sangre del Hospital de Clínicas fue 2,78%. Las más prevalentes fueron para hepatitis B, enfermedad de Chagas y Treponema pallidum. Éstas están asociadas a variables sociodemográficas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Transfusion-transmissible infections are a complication, causing morbidity and mortality in blood and blood derivatives recipients. Objective: To determine the prevalence of reactive serologies and the association with the sociodemographic characteristics of the donors of the Blood Bank of the Hospital de Clínicas from San Lorenzo, in 2018. Material and method: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional design, with non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases. Donors from the Blood Bank of the Hospital de Clínicas were included from January to December 2018. Demographic variables (age and sex), the presence or absence of reactive serologies for hepatitis B and C, HIV, Chagas disease, HTLV I-II and Treponema pallidum were measured. Results: The global prevalence of reactive serologies in donors was 2.78%. Of the 278 donors included in the study, 66.91% were male, the mean age was 40.89±11 years. The most frequent positive serologies were: hepatitis B 53.96%, Chagas disease 34.89% and syphilis 20.14%. There was an association between female sex and hepatitis C (p 0.001), donor origin and positive serology for Chagas disease (p 0.005), hepatitis C (p 0.001) and Treponema pallidum (p 0.04). Conclusion: Reactive serologies in donors from the Hospital de Clínicas Blood Bank was 2.78%. The most prevalent ones were hepatitis B, Chagas disease and Treponema pallidum and were associated with sociodemographic variables.

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          Transfusion-Transmitted Infections Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network Hemovigilance Module

          Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) can be severe and result in death. Transfusion-transmitted viral pathogen transmission has been substantially reduced, whereas sepsis due to bacterial contamination of platelets and transfusion-transmitted babesiosis may occur more frequently. Quantifying the burden of TTI is important to develop targeted interventions. From January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016, healthcare facilities participating in the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Hemovigilance Module (HM) monitored transfusion recipients for evidence of TTI and recorded the total number of units transfused. Facilities use standard criteria to report TTIs. Incidence rates of TTIs, including for bacterial contamination of platelets and transfusion-transmitted babesiosis are presented. One hundred ninety-five facilities reported 111 TTIs and 7.9 million transfused components to the NHSN HM. Of these 111 reports, 54 met inclusion criteria. The most frequently reported pathogens were Babesia spp. in RBCs (16/23, 70%) and Staphylococcus aureus in platelets (12/30, 40%). There were 1.95 (26 apheresis, 4 whole blood derived) TTI per 100,000 transfused platelet units and 0.53 TTI per 100,000 transfused RBC components, compared to 0.68 TTI per 100,000 all transfused components. Bacterial contamination of platelets and transfusion-transmitted babesiosis were the most frequently reported TTIs. Interventions that reduce the burden of bacterial contamination of platelets, particularly collected by apheresis, and Babesia transmission through RBC transfusion would reduce transfusion recipient morbidity and mortality. These analyses demonstrate the value and importance of facility participation in national recipient hemovigilance using standard reporting criteria.
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            Seroprevalencia de marcadores de infecciones transmisibles por vía transfusional en banco de sangre de Colombia

            OBJETIVO: Determinar la seroprevalencia de marcadores de infecciones transmisibles por vía transfusional. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con fuente de información secundaria, basada en los resultados de pruebas biológicas en los donantes de un banco de sangre de Medellín, Colombia, de 2007 a 2010. Se determinó la seroprevalencia de los marcadores de infección y se compararon según sexo y tipo de donante a través de análisis de frecuencias, chi cuadrado, Fisher y razones de prevalencia. RESULTADOS: La población de base estuvo conformada por 65.535 donantes de los cuales, 3,3% presentaran al menos una prueba biológica positiva. El marcador más prevalente en las pruebas del banco de sangre fue sífilis (1,2%), seguido de tripanosomiasis (1,0%), virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) (0,6%), virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) (0,5%) y virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) (0,2%). Con base en el laboratorio de referencia se halló una prevalencia de 0,6% para sífilis, 0,1% para VHB y 0% para VHC, VIH y Chagas. Se hallaron diferencias estadísticas en la prevalencia de VHB y sífilis según sexo y tipo de donante. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados son coherentes con las prevalencias dadas por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) y se pueden correlacionar con la prevalencia mundial de las infecciones transmisibles por via transfusional. Los resultados hallados en las pruebas del banco de sangre posibilitan la disminución del riesgo transfusional pero limitan la optimización de recursos al excluir donantes clasificados como falsos positivos.
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              Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among pregnant Nigerian women

              Background: Chronic hepatitis B infection is a global problem; however, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are most affected by it. Hepatitis B status of pregnant women is essential for the effective management of the disease and prevention of mother to child transmission. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the antenatal care unit of four hospitals within Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria, between August and December 2011. After obtaining ethical clearance, blood samples were collected from 800 consenting pregnant women, the plasma were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using first response HBsAg card and the reactive sera were confirmed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were detected using the one-step HBV multi-5 test kit. Results: Of the 800 pregnant women screened, 31 (3.9%) tested positive for HBsAg. Only one of the 31 HBsAg positive women had developed the hepatitis B surface antibody, 16 (51.6%) had the envelop antibody, 18 (58.1%) had the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), and two (6.5%) had hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg). The highest prevalence of HBsAg was recorded among women in age group 21–25 years old (P = 0.968). Similarly, married women (P = 0.772), women in their second trimester of pregnancy (P = 0.938), women with tertiary education (P = 0.972), women from the South-East geopolitical zone (P = 0.250) and those whose husbands were in polygamous relationships (P = 0.944) had the highest seroprevalence of HBsAg. Conclusion: HBV was detected with a prevalence of 3.9% among pregnant women in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. About 96.8% (29) of the reactive women had HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis while 6.5% (2) had HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B infection. About 58.1% of the women had anti-HBc, hence, did not have immunity and probably had chronic infection with reduced risk of vertical transmission. Pregnant women should be screened for HBsAg at the first antenatal clinic visit for appropriate clinical management and effective prevention of vertical transmission.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                spmi
                Revista Virtual de la Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna
                Rev. virtual Soc. Parag. Med. Int.
                Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna (Asunción, , Paraguay )
                2312-3893
                March 2021
                : 8
                : 1
                : 85-93
                Affiliations
                [1] San Lorenzo orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Asunción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas orgdiv2Hospital de Clínicas Paraguay
                Article
                S2312-38932021000100085 S2312-3893(21)00800100085
                10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2021.08.01.85
                9b2e1a90-2a7a-4995-af28-893fc6e37087

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 November 2020
                : 01 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                donantes de sangre.,transfusión sanguínea,sífilis,enfermedad de Chagas,hepatitis C,hepatitis B,blood donors.,blood transfusion,syphilis,Chagas disease

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