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      Resumen del documento de consenso «Guías de práctica clínica para el manejo del síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca» Translated title: Summary of the consensus document: «Clinical practice guide for the management of low cardiac output syndrome in the postoperative period of heart surgery»

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          Abstract

          El síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco es una potencial complicación de los pacientes intervenidos de cirugía cardiaca y asocia un aumento de la morbimortalidad. La presente guía pretende proporcionar recomendaciones para el manejo de estos pacientes, en el postoperatorio inmediato, ingresados en UCI. Las recomendaciones se han agrupado en diferentes apartados, tratando de dar respuesta desde los conceptos más básicos como es la definición a los diferentes apartados de monitorización básica y avanzada, y terminando con el complejo manejo de este síndrome. Se propone un algoritmo de manejo inicial, así como otros de fracaso ventricular predominantemente izquierdo o derecho. La mayor parte de las recomendaciones están basadas en el consenso de expertos, debido a la falta de estudios clínicos aleatorizados, de adecuado diseño y tamaño muestral en este grupo de pacientes. La calidad de la evidencia y la fuerza de las recomendaciones se realizó siguiendo la metodología GRADE. La guía se presenta como una lista de recomendaciones (y nivel de evidencia de cada recomendación) para cada pregunta del tema seleccionado. A continuación, en cada pregunta, se procede a la justificación de las recomendaciones.

          Translated abstract

          Low cardiac output syndrome is a potential complication in cardiac surgery patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This guide provides recommendations for the management of these patients, immediately after surgery and following admission to the ICU. The recommendations are grouped into different sections, addressing from the most basic concepts such as definition of the disorder to the different sections of basic and advanced monitoring, and culminating with the complex management of this syndrome. We propose an algorithm for initial management, as well as two others for ventricular failure (predominantly left or right). Most of the recommendations are based on expert consensus, due to the lack of randomized trials of adequate design and sample size in patients of this kind. The quality of evidence and strength of the recommendations were based on the GRADE methodology. The guide is presented as a list of recommendations (with the level of evidence for each recommendation) for each question on the selected topic. For each question, justification of the recommendations is then provided.

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          Most cited references146

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          Levosimendan vs dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the SURVIVE Randomized Trial.

          Because acute decompensated heart failure causes substantial morbidity and mortality, there is a need for agents that at least improve hemodynamics and relieve symptoms without adversely affecting survival. To assess the effect of a short-term intravenous infusion of levosimendan or dobutamine on long-term survival. The Survival of Patients With Acute Heart Failure in Need of Intravenous Inotropic Support (SURVIVE) study was a randomized, double-blind trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan or dobutamine in 1327 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure who required inotropic support. The trial was conducted at 75 centers in 9 countries and patients were randomized between March 2003 and December 2004. Intravenous levosimendan (n = 664) or intravenous dobutamine (n = 663). All-cause mortality at 180 days. All-cause mortality at 180 days occurred in 173 (26%) patients in the levosimendan group and 185 (28%) patients in the dobutamine group (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-1.13; P = .40). The levosimendan group had greater decreases in B-type natriuretic peptide level at 24 hours that persisted through 5 days compared with the dobutamine group (P<.001 for all time points). There were no statistical differences between treatment groups for the other secondary end points (all-cause mortality at 31 days, number of days alive and out of the hospital, patient global assessment, patient assessment of dyspnea at 24 hours, and cardiovascular mortality at 180 days). There was a higher incidence of cardiac failure in the dobutamine group. There were higher incidences of atrial fibrillation, hypokalemia, and headache in the levosimendan group. Despite an initial reduction in plasma B-type natriuretic peptide level in patients in the levosimendan group compared with patients in the dobutamine group, levosimendan did not significantly reduce all-cause mortality at 180 days or affect any secondary clinical outcomes. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00348504.
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            Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial.

            Little randomized evidence is available to guide the in-hospital management of patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure. Although intravenous inotropic therapy usually produces beneficial hemodynamic effects and is labeled for use in the care of such patients, the effect of such therapy on intermediate-term clinical outcomes is uncertain. To prospectively test whether a strategy that includes short-term use of milrinone in addition to standard therapy can improve clinical outcomes of patients hospitalized with an exacerbation of chronic heart failure. Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from July 1997 through November 1999. Seventy-eight community and tertiary care hospitals in the United States. A total of 951 patients admitted with an exacerbation of systolic heart failure not requiring intravenous inotropic support (mean age, 65 years; 92% with baseline New York Heart Association class III or IV; mean left ventricular ejection fraction, 23%). Patients were randomly assigned to receive a 48-hour infusion of either milrinone, 0.5 microg/kg per minute initially (n = 477), or saline placebo (n = 472). Cumulative days of hospitalization for cardiovascular cause within 60 days following randomization. The median number of days hospitalized for cardiovascular causes within 60 days after randomization did not differ significantly between patients given milrinone (6 days) compared with placebo (7 days; P =.71). Sustained hypotension requiring intervention (10.7% vs 3.2%; P<.001) and new atrial arrhythmias (4.6% vs 1.5%; P =.004) occurred more frequently in patients who received milrinone. The milrinone and placebo groups did not differ significantly in in-hospital mortality (3.8% vs 2.3%; P =.19), 60-day mortality (10.3% vs 8.9%; P =.41), or the composite incidence of death or readmission (35.0% vs 35.3%; P =.92) These results do not support the routine use of intravenous milrinone as an adjunct to standard therapy in the treatment of patients hospitalized for an exacerbation of chronic heart failure.
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              Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure (the LIDO study): a randomised double-blind trial

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                medinte
                Medicina Intensiva
                Med. Intensiva
                Elsevier España, S.L. (, , Spain )
                0210-5691
                May 2012
                : 36
                : 4
                : 277-287
                Affiliations
                [01] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario 12 de Octubre orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina intensiva España
                [02] Madrid orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina intensiva España
                [06] Salamanca orgnameComplejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina intensiva España
                [05] Sevilla orgnameHospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina intensiva España
                [03] Barcelona orgnameHospital Vall d'Hebron orgdiv1Unidad Postoperatoria de Cirugía Cardiaca España
                [04] Getafe orgnameHospital Universitario de Getafe orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina intensiva España
                [07] Leganés orgnameHospital Universitario Severo Ochoa orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina intensiva España
                Article
                S0210-56912012000400007
                10.1016/j.medin.2012.01.016
                22445904
                9bb80ae9-2ab0-4c11-b448-63514c07d578

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 November 2011
                : 07 January 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 88, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco,Fracaso ventricular,Cirugía cardiaca,Metodología GRADE,Low cardiac output syndrome,Ventricular failure,Cardiac surgery,GRADE methodology

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