4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Immunocastration Translated title: Imunocastração Translated title: Inmunocastración

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Immunocastration (IC) of pigs during their finishing phase avoids the traumatic castration surgery (Q) still practiced in many countries to prevent boar taint in pork. We have not found reports on IC evaluated on culled adult boars. In this study we evaluated boar taint, spermatogenesis, and weight loss of adult boars after castration by IC versus Q. A total of 21 boars were used (age: 29 months). The IC boars (n: 12) were injected with Innosure® (Pfizer Inc), with repetition four weeks later. The Q boars (n: 9) were castrated when the IC boars were first injected. Both groups were weighted one month later and slaughtered five weeks after the second injection. Testes of IC slaughtered boars were sampled and compared with the Q group. Odor panels were conducted to test all carcasses and pork. The Q boars lost 0.172 kg BW/animal/ day (p = 0.016), while IC boars did not lose weight (p = 0.359). None of the boars (IC or Q) resulted in tainted pork. The IC testes had lower spermatogenesis compared to Q. It is concluded that IC effectively prevented boar taint through testicle atrophy, and it also resulted in no weight loss after castration. The IC thus becomes an effective and humane castration alternative for these animals.

          Translated abstract

          A Imunocastração (IC) de suínos durante a fase de terminação substitui o uso de castração cirúrgica (Q) ainda praticada em muitos países para evitar o odor de macho inteiro na carne suína. Não foram encontrados relatórios de uso de Imunocastração para machos adultos de descarte. Neste estudo avaliamos odor de macho inteiro, espermatogênese e perda de peso em cachaços adultos após IC ou Q. Um total de 21 cachaços foram utilizados (idade média de 29 meses). Os cachaços IC (n = 12) receberam Innosure® (Pfizer Inc) intra muscular com uma repetição de injeção após 4 semanas. Os cachaços Q (n-9) foram castrados quando os cachaços IC receberam a primeira dose de Innosure® . Ambos grupos foram pesados um mês após e abatidos cinco semanas após a segunda dose de Innosure®. Os testículos dos cachaços IC foram coletados e comparados com o grupo Q. Painéis de odor foram conduzidos para testar todas carcaças e carne suína. Os cachacos Q perderam 0.172 kg de peso vivo/animal/dia (p= 0.016), enquanto cachaços IC não perderam peso (p=0.359). Odor de macho inteiro não foi detectado em nenhum dos cachaços (IC ou Q). Os testículos do grupo IC mostraram espermatogênese reduzida comparada com grupo Q. Concluímos que IC efetivamente preveniu o odor através de atrofia testicular e também resultou em manutenção do peso após a castração. Ic então se torna uma forma efetiva e uma alternativa humana de castração para estes animais.

          Translated abstract

          Durante los primeros días de vida se suele castrar quirúrgicamente a los lechones machos para prevenir el desagradable “olor sexual” de la carne del animal entero una vez sacrificado al final de la ceba. Se sabe que la inmunocastración (IC) en la etapa de ceba es eficaz para evitar la dolorosa, traumática, y riesgosa castración quirúrgica (Q). No hemos encontrado reportes sobre la aplicación de la IC en verracos adultos de descarte, cuyo metabolismo es más lento, y no se sabe cuánto tiempo tomaría eliminar su olor sexual. En este estudio se evaluó olor sexual, espermatogénesis y pérdida de peso de verracos mediante un protocolo de IC de nueve semanas. Veintiún reproductores fueron utilizados (edad: 29 meses). Los verracos IC (n: 12) fueron castrados mediante inyección (2 cc) de Innosure® , con repetición cuatro semanas más tarde. El grupo Q (n: 9) fue castrado el mismo día en que se inyecto la primera dosis de Innosure® al otro grupo. Ambos grupos fueron pesados al inicio del experimento, un mes más tarde y al sacrificio (nueve semanas luego de comenzar el experimento). Los testículos de los IC se colectaron al sacrificio y se compararon con los Q. Se realizaron paneles de olor para las canales y muestras de carne. Los Q perdieron 0.172 kg de peso corporal / animal / día durante las 9 semanas (p=0.016), mientras que los IC no perdieron peso (p= 0.359). En ninguno de los verracos (IC o Q) se detectaron canales o carne con olor sexual. Los testículos IC mostraron menor nivel de espermatogénesis en comparación con los Q. Se concluye que a la dosis aplicada y usando el protocolo de vacunación ensayado, la IC actúa bien en esta etapa fisiológica generando atrofia testicular suficiente para eliminar el olor sexual. La IC se convierte así en una alternativa eficaz y más humana que la Q para estos animales.

          Related collections

          Most cited references36

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found

          Testicular Biopsy Score Count – A Method for Registration of Spermatogenesis in Human Testes: Normal Values and Results in 335 Hypogonadal Males

          The paper describes a new and rapid method forregistration of spermatogenesis in human testes: the testicular biopsy score count. Each tubular section is given a score from 10 to 1 according to presence or absence of the main cell types arranged in the order of maturity. Presence of spermatozoa scores 10, 9 or 8; spermatids (and no further) 7 or 6; spermatocytes (and no further) 5 or 4; only spermatogonia 3, only Sertoli cells 2 and no cells 1. The theoretical background of the score count method is discussed and it is emphasized that tissue heterogeneity, being a main point in most conditions, is exposed and evaluated by the method. Normal values are given and results obtained in 335 cases including a great variety of forms of male hypogonadism are presented. Patognomonic score counts leading to immediate diagnosis at a glance are obtained in many instances. A high correlation between testicular biopsy score count and sperm count is found and it is concluded that by this method it has for the first time become possible in man to correlate endocrine conditions with the functional state of the testicular tissue.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Vaccination of boars with a GnRH vaccine (Improvac) eliminates boar taint and increases growth performance.

            Peri- and postpubertal boars accumulate substances (e.g., androstenone and skatole) in their fatty tissue that are responsible for boar taint in pork. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a GnRH vaccine, Improvac, in eliminating boar taint. Three hundred male (200 intact boars, 100 barrows) crossbred (Large White x Landrace) pigs were used in a 2 x 3 factorially arranged experiment. The respective factors were sex group (barrows, boars treated with placebo, or boars treated with Improvac) and slaughter age (23 or 26 wk). Vaccines were administered 8 and 4 wk before slaughter. All Improvac-treated pigs exhibited anti-GnRH titers. Testes and bulbo-urethral gland weights in treated pigs were reduced by approximately 50% (P 1.0 microg/g) or skatole (> 0.20 microg/g). In contrast, 49.5% of placebo-treated controls had significant androstenone and 10.8% had significant skatole levels, resulting in 10% of the control boars with high concentrations of both compounds. The mean concentrations of taint compounds in the Improvac-treated pigs were not significantly different from those in barrows. Improvac-treated boars grew more rapidly (P = 0.051 and < 0.001 for pigs slaughtered at 23 and 26 wk of age, respectively) than control boars over the 4 wk after the secondary vaccination, possibly because of reduced sexual and aggressive activities. Compared with barrows, Improvac-treated boars were leaner and had superior feed conversion efficiency. The vaccine was well tolerated by the pigs, and no observable site reactions could be detected at the time of slaughter. Vaccination of boars with Improvac allows production of heavy boars with improved meat quality through prevention and control of boar taint.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              3-Methylindole (skatole) and indole production by mixed populations of pig fecal bacteria.

              Pig fecal slurries converted added L-tryptophan either to indole without detectable intermediates or to 3-methylindole (skatole) via indole-3-acetate. The initial rate of production of 3-methylindole was greatest at pH 6.5 and less at pH 5.0 and 8.0; the initial rates of indole production were similar at pH 6.5 and 8.0. More than 80% of the tryptophan added was converted to 3-methylindole at pH 5.0; at pH 8.0 85% was converted to indole. Both pathways had similar Km values for tryptophan and similar maximum rates. Indole-3-carbinol and indole-3-acetonitrile completely inhibited the production of 3-methylindole from indole-3-acetate but had no effect on the reactions involving L-tryptophan.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                rccp
                Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias
                Rev Colom Cienc Pecua
                Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0120-0690
                2256-2958
                September 2011
                : 24
                : 3
                : 254-262
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación GRICA (Colombia) Colombia
                [03] orgnameAlimentos Cárnicos S.A.S.
                [02] orgnamePfizer Inc
                Article
                S0120-06902011000300004 S0120-0690(11)02400304
                9bdb648e-316d-4c54-b92a-208bd5193c35

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 May 2011
                : 19 July 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Original Articles

                cachaço,castração imunológica,imunocastração,odor de macho inteiro,castración inmunológica,cerdo descarte,inmuno-castración,olor sexual,verraco,boar taint,culled boar,immune-castration,immunological castration,mature boar

                Comments

                Comment on this article