Single-molecule spectroscopy of LHCSR1 protein dynamics identifies two distinct states responsible for multi-timescale photosynthetic photoprotection

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Chlorophyll a fluorescence as a tool to monitor physiological status of plants under abiotic stress conditions

Hazem Kalaji, Anjana Jajoo, Abdallah Oukarroum … (2016)

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An ancient light-harvesting protein is critical for the regulation of algal photosynthesis.

Graham Peers, Thuy B. Truong, Elisabeth Ostendorf … (2009)

Light is necessary for photosynthesis, but its absorption by pigment molecules such as chlorophyll can cause severe oxidative damage and result in cell death. The excess absorption of light energy by photosynthetic pigments has led to the evolution of protective mechanisms that operate on the timescale of seconds to minutes and involve feedback-regulated de-excitation of chlorophyll molecules in photosystem II (qE). Despite the significant contribution of eukaryotic algae to global primary production, little is known about their qE mechanism, in contrast to that in flowering plants. Here we show that a qE-deficient mutant of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, npq4, lacks two of the three genes encoding LHCSR (formerly called LI818). This protein is an ancient member of the light-harvesting complex superfamily, and orthologues are found throughout photosynthetic eukaryote taxa, except in red algae and vascular plants. The qE capacity of Chlamydomonas is dependent on environmental conditions and is inducible by growth under high light conditions. We show that the fitness of the npq4 mutant in a shifting light environment is reduced compared to wild-type cells, demonstrating that LHCSR is required for survival in a dynamic light environment. Thus, these data indicate that plants and algae use different proteins to dissipate harmful excess light energy and protect the photosynthetic apparatus from damage.

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The photoprotective molecular switch in the photosystem II antenna.

Alexander V. Ruban, Timothy Johnson, Christopher D P Duffy (2011)

We have reviewed the current state of multidisciplinary knowledge of the photoprotective mechanism in the photosystem II antenna underlying non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ). The physiological need for photoprotection of photosystem II and the concept of feed-back control of excess light energy are described. The outline of the major component of nonphotochemical quenching, qE, is suggested to comprise four key elements: trigger (ΔpH), site (antenna), mechanics (antenna dynamics) and quencher(s). The current understanding of the identity and role of these qE components is presented. Existing opinions on the involvement of protons, different LHCII antenna complexes, the PsbS protein and different xanthophylls are reviewed. The evidence for LHCII aggregation and macrostructural reorganization of photosystem II and their role in qE are also discussed. The models describing the qE locus in LHCII complexes, the pigments involved and the evidence for structural dynamics within single monomeric antenna complexes are reviewed. We suggest how PsbS and xanthophylls may exert control over qE by controlling the affinity of LHCII complexes for protons with reference to the concepts of hydrophobicity, allostery and hysteresis. Finally, the physics of the proposed chlorophyll-chlorophyll and chlorophyll-xanthophyll mechanisms of energy quenching is explained and discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Photosystem II. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Title: Nature Chemistry

Abbreviated Title: Nature Chem

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISSN (Print): 1755-4330

ISSN (Electronic): 1755-4349

Publication date Created: July 17 2017

Publication date (Print): July 17 2017

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DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2818

PubMed ID: 28754946

SO-VID: 9c885c9f-2e80-4a50-aacb-4cf87ab381b1

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Single-molecule spectroscopy of LHCSR1 protein dynamics identifies two distinct states responsible for multi-timescale photosynthetic photoprotection

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Most cited references 43

Chlorophyll a fluorescence as a tool to monitor physiological status of plants under abiotic stress conditions

An ancient light-harvesting protein is critical for the regulation of algal photosynthesis.

The photoprotective molecular switch in the photosystem II antenna.

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