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      Uso racional de antibióticos en las faringoamigdalitis agudas Translated title: Rational use of antibiotics in acute pharyngotonsillitis

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: evaluar si una intervención farmacéutica formativa permite mejorar la utilización de antibióticos en las faringoamigdalitis agudas (FAA) pediátricas. Material y métodos: estudio de intervención antes-después. Se analizaron las prescripciones de antibióticos (J01) asociadas a los códigos CIAP faringitis-amigdalitis estreptocócica (FAE) (R72), faringitis aguda (R74) y amigdalitis aguda (R76) antes y después de una intervención farmacéutica formativa sobre pediatras de Atención Primaria (AP). Se calculó el porcentaje de prescripciones de antibióticos de primera elección (penicilina V, penicilina G o amoxicilina) asociadas al código CIAP R72 y CIAP R74-R76. La intervención farmacéutica consistió en un taller formativo y sesiones clínicas. Resultados: la prescripción de antibióticos sistémicos disminuyó de forma significativa en el periodo posintervención respecto al preintervención (44,1% frente a 46,2% (p = 0,014)). Se observó un aumento significativo del porcentaje de prescripciones de antibióticos de primera elección asociadas al código CIAP R72 (84,3% frente a 57,6%; p <0,001) y una disminución de las prescripciones de amoxicilina/clavulánico (13,6% frente a 22,9%; p <0,001) y de azitromicina (1,0% frente a 11,3%; p <0,001) asociadas al código CIAP R72. Conclusiones: las prescripciones de antibióticos de los pediatras de AP disminuyeron, optimizándose el uso de antibióticos de primera elección en las FAE.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: to assess whether a pharmaceutical education intervention achieved a reduction and improvement in the prescription of antibiotics for management of paediatric acute pharyngitis (PAP). Material and methods: we conducted a pre-post intervention study. We analysed the prescription of systemic antibiotics (J01) associated with diagnoses corresponding to CIAP codes for streptococcal pharyngitis-tonsillitis (R72), acute pharyngitis (R74) and acute tonsillitis (R76) before and after a pharmaceutical education intervention on primary care (PC) paediatricians. We calculated the percentage of antibiotic prescriptions corresponding to first-line antibiotics (penicillin V, penicillin G or amoxicillin) associated with CIAP code R72 and CIAP codes R74-R76. The pharmaceutical education intervention consisted of a training workshop and clinical sessions. Results: the prescription of systemic antibiotics decreased significantly in the post-intervention period compared to the pre-intervention period (44.1% versus 46.2%; p = 0.014). There was a significant increase in the percentage of first-line antibiotic prescriptions out of the total prescriptions associated with CIAP code R72 (84.3% versus 57.6%; p = 0.000) and a decrease in the proportion of prescriptions of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (13.6% versus 22.9%; p <0.001) and azithromycin (1.0% versus 11.3%; p <0.001) over the total prescriptions associated with CIAP code R72. Conclusions: there was a decrease in antibiotic prescription by PC paediatricians with improvement in the prescription of first-line agents for PAP.

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          Continued high rates of antibiotic prescribing to adults with respiratory tract infection: survey of 568 UK general practices

          Objectives Overutilisation of antibiotics may contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance, a growing international concern. This study aimed to analyse the performance of UK general practices with respect to antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) among young and middle-aged adults. Setting Data are reported for 568 UK general practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Participants Participants were adults aged 18–59 years. Consultations were identified for acute upper RTIs including colds, cough, otitis-media, rhino-sinusitis and sore throat. Primary and secondary outcome measures For each consultation, we identified whether an antibiotic was prescribed. The proportion of RTI consultations with antibiotics prescribed was estimated. Results There were 568 general practices analysed. The median general practice prescribed antibiotics at 54% of RTI consultations. At the highest prescribing 10% of practices, antibiotics were prescribed at 69% of RTI consultations. At the lowest prescribing 10% of practices, antibiotics were prescribed at 39% RTI consultations. The median practice prescribed antibiotics at 38% of consultations for ‘colds and upper RTIs’, 48% for ‘cough and bronchitis’, 60% for ‘sore throat’, 60% for ‘otitis-media’ and 91% for ‘rhino-sinusitis’. The highest prescribing 10% of practices issued antibiotic prescriptions at 72% of consultations for ‘colds’, 67% for ‘cough’, 78% for ‘sore throat’, 90% for ‘otitis-media’ and 100% for ‘rhino-sinusitis’. Conclusions Most UK general practices prescribe antibiotics to young and middle-aged adults with respiratory infections at rates that are considerably in excess of what is clinically justified. This will fuel antibiotic resistance.
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            How can we improve antibiotic prescribing in primary care?

            Antibiotic stewardship is a necessity given the worldwide antimicrobial resistance crisis. Outpatient antibiotic use represents around 90% of total antibiotic use, with more than half of these prescriptions being either unnecessary or inappropriate. Efforts to improve antibiotic prescribing need to incorporate two complementary strategies: changing healthcare professionals' behaviour, and modifying the healthcare system. In this review, we present a broad perspective on antibiotic stewardship in primary care in high and high-middle income country settings, focussing on studies published in the last five years. We present the limitations of available literature, discuss perspectives, and provide suggestions for where future work should be concentrated.
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              Interventions to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections: summary and update of a systematic review

              Objective Antibiotic overuse contributes to antibiotic resistance and adverse consequences. Acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common reason for antibiotic prescribing in primary care, but such infections often do not require antibiotics. We summarized and updated a previously performed systematic review of interventions to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics for acute RTIs. Methods To update the review, we searched MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Library (until January 2018), and reference lists. Two reviewers selected the studies, extracted the study data, and assessed the quality and strength of evidence. Results Twenty-six interventions were evaluated in 95 mostly fair-quality studies. The following four interventions had moderate-strength evidence of improved/reduced antibiotic prescribing and low-strength evidence of no adverse consequences: parent education (21% reduction, no increase return visits), combined patient/clinician education (7% reduction, no change in complications/satisfaction), procalcitonin testing for adults with RTIs of the lower respiratory tract (12%–72% reduction, no increased adverse consequences), and electronic decision support systems (24%–47% improvement in appropriate prescribing, 5%–9% reduction, no increased complications). Conclusions The best evidence supports use of specific educational interventions, procalcitonin testing in adults, and electronic decision support to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute RTIs without causing adverse consequences.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pap
                Pediatría Atención Primaria
                Rev Pediatr Aten Primaria
                Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1139-7632
                June 2021
                : 23
                : 90
                : 155-162
                Affiliations
                [1] Teruel orgnameDirección de Atención Primaria Sector Teruel orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia de Atención Primaria España
                Article
                S1139-76322021000200008 S1139-7632(21)02309000008
                9ce212b7-0249-4383-8107-76b3748fbebb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Spain

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                Drug resistance, microbial,Public Health,Early management education,Antibacterial agents,Acute pharyngitis,Salud pública,Resistencia a medicamentos, microbianos,Faringoamigdalitis aguda,Educación de intervención temprana,Agentes antibacterianos

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