Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea – analysis of data provided by Christian health services

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Abstract

Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea – analysis of data provided by Christian Health Services.

Background

This analysis aimed to assess rural parents’ knowledge about the diseases prevented by vaccinations and establish vaccination coverage in PNG.

Methods

Knowledge of vaccinations was checked through a standard questionnaire (five closed questions).

We analyzed data on vaccination coverage from 2016 to 2018 from all Catholic health facilities. Analyzed vaccinations were the pentavalent vaccine (DTaP-HiB-HepB) and measles vaccine given in the first year of life. Coverage was calculated based on the number of vaccines used compared to the number of eligible children.

Analyzed vaccinations were the pentavalent vaccine (DTaP-HiB-HepB) and measles vaccine given in the first year of life.

Results

Fifty-six parents, including 52 mothers and four fathers, participated in the interview. Many parents (46%) understood that the vaccine prevents diseases. During the analyzed period, 25,502 doses of measles vaccine were given, 31,428 children were vaccinated with the pentavalent vaccine. In 2016, the measles vaccine coverage rate was 26.6 and 33.4% for the pentavalent vaccine. In 2017, measles and pentavalent vaccines’ coverage rate was 12.5 and 16.6%, respectively. There were significant differences in immunization coverage between provinces. A decreasing trend in the number of administered vaccinations was observed.

Conclusion

The results of this analysis demonstrate that in PNG, the majority of children are not fully immunized.

There are significant differences in the vaccination coverage between provinces. As protection from diseases is low, there is a very high risk of an outbreak of the vaccine-preventable disease in the community.

Delivery of vaccinations in PNG encounters many barriers, from access to healthcare services to natural disasters and inter-tribial conflicts.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-05824-2.

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Most cited references 6

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Vaccine coverage and determinants of incomplete vaccination in children aged 12–23 months in Dschang, West Region, Cameroon: a cross-sectional survey during a polio outbreak

Gianluca Russo, Alessandro Miglietta, Patrizio Pezzotti … (2015)

Background Inadequate immunization coverage with increased risk of vaccine preventable diseases outbreaks remains a problem in Africa. Moreover, different factors contribute to incomplete vaccination status. This study was performed in Dschang (West Region, Cameroon), during the polio outbreak occurred in October 2013, in order to estimate the immunization coverage among children aged 12–23 months, to identify determinants for incomplete vaccination status and to assess the risk of poliovirus spread in the study population. Methods A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in November-December 2013, using the WHO two-stage sampling design. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from consenting parents of children aged 12–23 months. Vaccination coverage was assessed by vaccination card and parents’ recall. Chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression model were used to identify the determinants of incomplete immunization status. Statistical significance was set at p 90 %, and 73.4 % children completed the recommended vaccinations before 1-year of age. In the final multilevel logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with incomplete immunization status were: retention of immunization card (AOR: 7.89; 95 % CI: 1.08–57.37), lower mothers’ utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services (AOR:1.25; 95 % CI: 1.07–63.75), being the ≥3rd born child in the family (AOR: 425.4; 95 % CI: 9.6–18,808), younger mothers’ age (AOR: 49.55; 95 % CI: 1.59–1544), parents’ negative attitude towards immunization (AOR: 20.2; 95 % CI: 1.46–278.9), and poorer parents’ exposure to information on vaccination (AOR: 28.07; 95 % CI: 2.26–348.1). Longer distance from the vaccination centers was marginally significant (p = 0.05). Conclusion Vaccination coverage was high; however, 1 out of 7 children was partially vaccinated, and 1 out of 4 did not complete timely the recommended vaccinations. In order to improve the immunization coverage, it is necessary to strengthen ANC services, and to improve parents’ information and attitude towards immunization, targeting younger parents and families living far away from vaccination centers, using appropriate communication strategies. Finally, the estimated OPV-3 coverage is reassuring in relation to the ongoing polio outbreak.

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Are hard-to-reach populations being reached with immunization services? Findings from the 2005 Papua New Guinea national immunization coverage survey.

Steven Toikilik, George Tuges, Jamie Lagani … (2010)

To measure immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and to assess if and why there are differences between hard-to-reach and more accessible communities. WHO cluster sampling methodology was employed to measure immunization coverage in PNG's four regions. Survey data were re-analyzed according to a local assessment of geographical accessibility indicated by census unit type: urban, rural and hard-to-reach. Census units were designated as hard-to-reach if they were five or more km from a health centre. Nationwide coverage for most antigens falls below the national target of 80% although there are regional differences with Islands performing the best. Late doses are a major concern: just 4% were fully immunized with valid ("on time") doses by 1 year of age. Coverage was lower in both rural and remote communities: at 6 months 48% of children from urban units had received three valid doses of DTP-3 but only 16% in rural areas and 13% in hard-to-reach communities. Reasons for failure to immunize varied: 21% of mothers said their child was not immunized because distance, travel conditions or cost of transportation prevented access to local health centres; 27% cited a lack of knowledge or misconceptions about immunization; while 29% believed it was because of an issue with the health system. Throughout PNG there is an urgent need to increase immunization coverage and to ensure that children are immunized on time according to the schedule. Both coverage and timeliness of doses are worse for children living in hard-to-reach and rural areas. Achieving national immunization targets requires improvements in health service delivery, including outreach, especially for remote and rural communities, as well as greater community education and social mobilisation in support of immunization services. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Assessment of the hepatitis B birth dose vaccination program, Papua New Guinea, 2014

Eric Wiesen, William Lagani, Gerard Sui … (2016)

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Author and article information

Contributors

Ewelina Gowin:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-0749

ewego@poczta.onet.pl

Jerzy Kuzma: jerzykuzma@dw.ac.pg

Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska: 1962dj@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Infect Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Infect Dis

Title: BMC Infectious Diseases

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2334

Publication date (Electronic): 30 January 2021

Publication date PMC-release: 30 January 2021

Publication date Collection: 2021

Volume: 21

Electronic Location Identifier: 130

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.22254.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2205 0971, Health Promotion Department, , Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ; Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland

[2 ]GRID grid.449086.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0581 065X, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , Divine Word University, ; Madang, Papua New Guinea

Author information

Ewelina Gowin http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7443-0749

Article

Publisher ID: 5824

DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05824-2

PMC ID: 7847142

PubMed ID: 33516196

SO-VID: 9d8b3637-ca6b-448a-860e-33de774b64bf

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 17 June 2020

Date accepted : 20 January 2021

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

Keywords: vaccinations,rural parents,the coverage rate

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

Keywords: vaccinations, rural parents, the coverage rate

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Knowledge among the rural parents about the vaccinations and vaccination coverage of children in the first year of life in Papua New Guinea – analysis of data provided by Christian health services

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Most cited references 6

Vaccine coverage and determinants of incomplete vaccination in children aged 12–23 months in Dschang, West Region, Cameroon: a cross-sectional survey during a polio outbreak

Are hard-to-reach populations being reached with immunization services? Findings from the 2005 Papua New Guinea national immunization coverage survey.

Assessment of the hepatitis B birth dose vaccination program, Papua New Guinea, 2014

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