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      Triagem neonatal para hiperplasia adrenal congênita Translated title: Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: A eficácia da triagem neonatal para redução de morbimortalidade das crianças com hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) é a principal justificativa para sua implantação. Um dos desafios para sua realização é a determinação do ponto de corte para a medida laboratorial da 17-hidroxiprogesterona (17OHP) que apresente adequado custo/benefício. Neste estudo foram identificados fatores intervenientes nos resultados do projeto-piloto de triagem neonatal para HAC, realizado em Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Rastreamento neonatal entre 09/2007 e 05/2008, com dosagens da 17OHP de amostras de sangue colhidas no calcanhar, no 5º dia de vida (papel-filtro), processadas pelo método UMELISA 17-OH Progesterona NEONATAL®. Os pontos de corte foram 80 e 160 nmol/L, para crianças saudáveis ou não, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: A incidência de HAC foi 1:19.939 em 159.415 crianças triadas. O percentil 99 (p99) da 17OHP, na primeira amostra, foi 108 nmol/L. Em 13.298 recém-nascidos com peso informado, os p99 da 17OHP foram, respectivamente, 344 nmol/L para <1500 g, 260 nmol/L para 1500 a 1999 g, 221 nmol/L para 2000 a 2499 g, e 109 nmol/L para > 2500 g. A taxa de reconvocação para consulta médica foi 0,31%. A sensibilidade do teste foi 100%, a especificidade, 99,6% e o valor preditivo positivo, 2,2%. Ajustando-se o ponto de corte da 17OHP para 110 nmol/L e 220 nmol/L, projetou-se redução em 76% dos encaminhamentos para consulta. CONCLUSÃO: Adoção dos pontos de corte para 17OHP, considerando peso de nascimento, apresentou-se como medida custo-efetiva para redução de falso-positivos. Os resultados desse estudo piloto sugerem que a triagem para HAC possa beneficiar a população infantil.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of neonatal screening for reducing morbimortality in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the main justification for its implementation. One of the challenges for its implementation is to determine the cutoff value for laboratory measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) with appropriate cost-effectiveness. This study identified factors affecting the results of the pilot project of newborn screening for CAH, performed in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Neonatal screening performed between September, 2007 and May, 2008, with 17OHP measurements performed in blood samples taken from the heel (filter paper), on the 5th day of life, processed by the UMELISA 17-OH Progesterona NEONATAL® method. The cutoff value was 80 and 160 nmol/L for healthy children or not, respectively. RESULTS: The incidence of CAH was 1:19,939 in 159,415 children screened. The 99th percentile (p99) of 17OHP in the first sample was 108 nmol/L. In 13,298 newborns whose weight had been reported, the p99 of 17OHP were, respectively: 344 nmol/L for weight < 1,500 g; 260 nmol/L for weight between 1,500 and 1,999 g; 221 nmol/L for weight between 2,000 and 2,499 g; 109 nmol/L for weight > 2,500g. The rate of recall for medical consultation was 0.31%. The test sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 99.6%, and the positive predictive value was 2.2%. By adjusting the cutoff values of 17OHP to 110 nmol/L and 220 nmol/L, a 76% decrease in consultation referrals was projected. CONCLUSION: The use of 17OHP cutoff values, considering birth weight, was a cost-effective measure to reduce false positives. The results of this pilot study suggest that screening for CAH might benefit the pediatric population.

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          Revisiting Wilson and Jungner in the genomic age: a review of screening criteria over the past 40 years.

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            Revisiting Wilson and Jungner in the genomic age: a review of screening criteria over the past 40 years

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              Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

              Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency occurs in 1:16,000-1:20,000 births. If not promptly diagnosed and treated, CAH can cause death in early infancy from shock, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Affected girls usually have ambiguous genitalia but boys appear normal; therefore, newborn babies are commonly screened for CAH in the US and many other countries. By identifying babies with severe, salt-wasting CAH before they develop adrenal crises, screening reduces morbidity and mortality, particularly among affected boys. Diagnosis is based on elevated levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone, the preferred substrate for steroid 21-hydroxylase. Initial testing usually involves dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay that has a low positive predictive value (about 1%), which leads to many follow-up evaluations that have negative results. The positive predictive value might be improved by second-tier screening using DNA-based methods or liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry, but these methods are not widely adopted. Cost estimates for such screening range from US$20,000 to $300,000 per life-year saved. In babies with markedly abnormal screen results, levels of serum electrolytes and 17-hydroxyprogesterone should be immediately determined, but the most reliable way to diagnose CAH is measurement of levels of steroid precursors after stimulation with cosyntropin.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ramb
                Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
                Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.
                Associação Médica Brasileira (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0104-4230
                1806-9282
                August 2012
                : 58
                : 4
                : 459-464
                Affiliations
                [01] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal do Minas Gerais orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina Brasil
                [03] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUFMG orgdiv1FM orgdiv2Curso de Doutorado Departamento de Clínica Médica Núcleo de Ações e Pesquisa em Apoio Diagnóstico Brasil
                [02] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1FM Hospital das Clínicas orgdiv2Departamento de Pediatria Divisão de Endocrinologia Pediátrica Brasil
                Article
                S0104-42302012000400017 S0104-4230(12)05800400017
                10.1590/S0104-42302012000400017
                9dbe71a1-4ff0-40c9-ad48-c1ba60efa07f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 August 2011
                : 02 April 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Congenital adrenal hyperplasia,neonatal screening,Hiperplasia suprarrenal congênita,diagnóstico precoce,triagem neonatal,early diagnosis

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