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      Micro-organismos da subclasse Coccidia: resistência e implicações para o processamento de materiais de assistência à saúde Translated title: Microorganisms of the Coccidia subclass: resistance and implications for the aseptic processing of healthcare products Translated title: Microorganismos de la subclase Coccidia: resistencia e implicancias para el procesamiento de materiales de atención a la salud

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          Abstract

          Este estudo teórico propõe uma reflexão sobre a resistência intrínseca da subclasse Coccidia, particularmente o gênero Cryptosporidium, considerado como um agente potencialmente patogênico para pacientes imunocomprometidos, e suas repercussões na prática assistencial. Atualmente, as diretrizes internacionais e nacionais aprovam como procedimento seguro a desinfecção química de alto nível de endoscópios digestivos, após sua limpeza. No entanto, estudos evidenciaram que micro-organismos da subclasse Coccidia, especificamente o Cryptosporidium, responsável por infecção entérica, são mais resistentes que as micobactérias e não são inativados pelos desinfetantes químicos de alto nível, exceto pelo Peróxido de Hidrogênio a 6% e 7,5%, formulação ainda não disponível no Brasil. Conclui-se que a legislação deve incluir este agente entre os micro-organismos teste para aprovação de desinfetantes químicos de alto nível e que as autoridades sanitárias devem se esforçar para garantir que os estabelecimentos de assistência à saúde tenham acesso a produtos eficazes contra o Cryptosporidium.

          Translated abstract

          This theoretical study proposes a reflection on the intrinsic resistance of the subclass Coccidia, particularly the genus Cryptosporidium, considered to be potential pathogens for immunocompromised patients, and the implications for nursing practice. Currently, the international and national guidelines support the chemical disinfection of digestive system endoscopes after their cleansing as a safe and effective procedure. However, studies show that microorganisms of the subclass Coccidia, namely Cryptosporidium, responsible for enteric infection, are more resistant than mycobacteria and are not inactivated by high-level disinfectants, except for hydrogen peroxide 6% and 7.5%, which are not currently available in Brazil. We conclude that the legislation should include this agent among test microorganisms for approving high-level disinfectants. Health authorities should make efforts to ensure that healthcare institutions have access to effective disinfectants against Cryptosporidium.

          Translated abstract

          Estudio teórico que propone reflexión sobre la resistencia intrínseca de la subclase Coccidia, particularmente el género Cryptosporidium, considerado agente potencialmente patogénico para pacientes inmunocomprometidos, y sus repercusiones para práctica asistencial. Actualmente, las normativas internacionales y nacionales aprueban como procedimiento seguro la desinfección química de alto nivel de endoscopios digestivos, luego de su limpieza. Mientras tanto, los estudios evidenciaron que microorganismos de subclase Coccidia, específicamente el Cryptosporidium, responsable por infección entérica, son más resistentes que las microbacterias y no son inactivados por desinfectantes químicos de alto nivel, excepto el Peróxido de Hidrógeno a 6% y 7,5%, formulación aún no disponible en Brasil. Se concluye en que la legislación debe incluir este agente entre los microorganismos de prueba para aprobación de desinfectantes químicos de alto nivel y que las autoridades sanitarias deben esforzarse para que los Establecimientos de Atención de Salud tengan acceso a productos eficaces contra el Cryptosporidium.

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          The coccidian oocyst: a tough nut to crack!

          Coccidian parasites are transmitted between hosts by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts, followed by the release of infectious sporozoites and invasion of the gastro-intestinal tract. In the external environment, sporozoites are protected from desiccation and chemical disinfection by the oocyst wall. This unique structure guarantees successful disease transmission and is as vital to the coccidian parasite as the exoskeleton is to insects--without it they would die. Here, we revisit the early work and combine it with newer molecular data to describe our present understanding of the coccidian oocyst wall.
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            Treatment options for the eradication of intestinal protozoa.

            M Farthing (2006)
            Pathogenic intestinal protozoa are responsible for clinically important infections in both the developed and the developing world. These organisms are responsible for both acute and chronic diarrhea, and Entamoeba histolytica, which affects the colon, can spread to involve the liver. Many of these pathogens, particularly the intracellular protozoa that predominantly affect the small intestine, produce their most devastating effects in patients with HIV/AIDS and other forms of immune deficiency. There are also various intestinal protozoa that do not seem to have any adverse effects on humans and can, therefore, be regarded as harmless commensal organisms. Although treatment has been available for several decades for giardiasis, isosporiasis and amoebiasis, until recently there have been no effective remedies for infection with intestinal coccidia--Cryptosporidium, Microsporidium and Cyclospora species. Cyclospora respond well to co-trimoxazole, microsporidia respond variably to albendazole, and cryptosporidia can often be eradicated by nitazoxanide. In chronically infected HIV-positive patients, treatment with multidrug regimens usually results in rapid resolution of the diarrhea and, in many instances, eradication of the parasite.
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              Official methods of analysis

              S Tomasino (2010)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                reeusp
                Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP
                Rev. esc. enferm. USP
                Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem (São Paulo )
                1980-220X
                April 2012
                : 46
                : 2
                : 466-471
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0080-62342012000200027
                10.1590/S0080-62342012000200027
                9e37255a-fcff-4aa1-b609-3fe77792ab85

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0080-6234&lng=en
                Categories
                NURSING

                Nursing
                Disinfection,Endoscopes,Cross infection,Coccidia,Immunocompromised host,Desinfección,Endoscopios,Infección hospitalaria,Coccidios,Húesped inmunocomprometido,Desinfecção,Endoscópios,Infecção hospitalar,Coccídios,Hospedeiro imunocomprometido

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