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      Alotransplante de ilhotas de Langerhans no fígado de ratos submetidos a manipulação tímica com células dendríticas Translated title: Alogenic islet transplantation on the rat liver after alogenic dendritic cells injection in the thymus

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          Abstract

          RACIONAL: A maior indicação do transplante de pâncreas ou de ilhotas de Langerhans é o diabetes mellitus do tipo I. O processo deve suprir as necessidades de insulina, mantendo os níveis glicêmicos dentro da normalidade. OBJETIVOS: Estudou-se o alotransplante de ilhotas de Langerhans no fígado de ratos Lewis, tendo como doadores de ilhotas ratos Wistar. No grupo controle (n = 8) injetava-se, no timo, solução de Hanks e no grupo de estudo (n = 9), células dendríticas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: No grupo controle com o método de separação e purificação das ilhotas de Langerhans obteve-se 3637 ± 783,3 ilhotas com pureza de 85% ± 3,52%. No grupo de estudo obteve-se 3268 ± 378 ilhotas de Langerhans com pureza de 87% ± 4,47% e com o método de isolamento e purificação das células dendríticas do baço obteve-se 3,34 x 105 ± 1,16 células. RESULTADOS: No grupo controle, o transplante de 3637 ± 783,3 ilhotas de Langerhans no fígado, normalizou a glicemia que chegou a 7,21 ± 0,57 mmol/L no segundo pós-operatório (diferença significativa com relação ao pré-operatório). Do pós-operatório imediato até o 8º pós-operatório a glicemia não se elevou significativamente, porém a partir do 10º pós-operatório houve aumento significativo deste parâmetro, o que pode ser compatível com rejeição aguda do enxerto. No grupo de estudo, o transplante de 3258 ± 378 ilhotas de Langerhans no fígado, normalizou a glicemia, que chegou a 9,3 ± 2,85 mmol/L no segundo pós-operatório (diferença significativa com relação ao pré-operatório). Do 4º ao 10º pós-operatório, a glicemia elevou-se significativamente, o que pode ser compatível com quadro de rejeição aguda do enxerto e certamente precoce. CONCLUSÃO: A inoculação de células alogênicas apresentadoras de antígenos (células dendríticas) no timo de ratos imunossuprimidos e diabéticos, antes do alotransplante de ilhotas de Langerhans no fígado, ao contrário de inibir a reação do receptor contra o enxerto, prolongando a sobrevida média das ilhotas e, possivelmente, levando ao estado de tolerância imunológica, induziu ao processo de rejeição aguda precoce.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: The major indication for pancreas or islet transplantation is diabetes mellitus tipe I. This process has to suply the insulin necessity keeping glucose under control. AIM: We studied alogenic islet transplantation on the rat liver, Wistar (RT1u) to Lewis (RT1¹) as a recipient. Control group (n = 8) and dendritic cell group (n = 9) respectively with injection of Hanks solution and dendritic cells in the thymus before islet transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: With the method of isolation and purification of the islets we obtained both in the control group 3637 ± 783,3 islets with purity of 85 ± 3,52% and dendritic cell group 3268 ± 378 islets with purity of 87 ± 4,47%. The dendritic cells were retrieved from the spleen and we obtained 3,34 x 105±1,16 cells. Diabetes was induced by i.v. streptozotocin. RESULTS: Control group the transplantation of 3637 ± 783,3 islets in the rat liver normalized glucose test, 7,21 ± 0,57 mmol/L in the second post-operative day. Acute rejection came in the 10 postoperative day with significantly increase of glucose test. Dendritic cell group, the transplantation of 3258 ± 378 islets in the rat liver, normalized the glucose test was 9,3 ± 2,85 mmoL/L in the second postoperative day. From the 4th postoperative day to 10th postoperative day the glucose test increase significantly showing an early acute rejection. CONCLUSION: The injection of dendritic cells in the thymus before alogenic islet transplantation in the rat liver lead to an early acute rejection.

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          Antibodies to CD3/T-cell receptor complex induce death by apoptosis in immature T cells in thymic cultures.

          The receptors found on most T lymphocytes bind to antigen presented on major histocompatibility complex proteins and consist of dimers of alpha- and beta-polypeptides associated with the invariant CD3 complex. A fully competent immune system requires a diverse array of T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs) with different specificities. This diversity is generated by rearrangement of TCR alpha- and beta-chain gene segments within the thymus where the receptors are first expressed. Any cells carrying self-reactive receptors must be eliminated, suppressed or inactivated so that destructive autoimmunity is avoided. Recently, compelling evidence has shown that one process involved in producing such self-tolerance is clonal deletion of autoreactive cells within the thymus by an as-yet-undefined mechanism. Here we show that engaging the CD3/TCR complex of immature mouse thymocytes with anti-CD3 antibodies produces DNA degradation and cell death through the endogenous pathway of apoptosis. Activation of this process in immature T cells by the binding of the TCR to self-antigens may therefore be the mechanism which produces clonal deletion and consequently self-tolerance.
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            Induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness by intrathymic islet transplantation.

            The application of isolated pancreatic islet transplantation for treatment of diabetes mellitus has been hampered by the vulnerability of islet allografts to immunologic rejection. Rat islet allografts that were transplanted into the thymus of recipients treated with a single injection of anti-lymphocyte serum survived indefinitely. A state of donor-specific unresponsiveness was achieved that permitted survival of a second donor strain islet allograft transplanted to an extrathymic site. Maturation of T cell precursors in a thymic microenvironment that is harboring foreign alloantigen may induce the selective unresponsiveness. This model provides an approach for pancreatic islet transplantation and a potential strategy for specific modification of the peripheral immune repertoire.
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              Reentry of T cells to the adult thymus is restricted to activated T cells

              To seek information on the capacity of mature T cells to migrate to the thymus, mice were injected with Thy-1-marked populations enriched for resting T cells or T blast cells; localization of the donor cells in the host thymus was assessed by staining cryostat sections of thymus and by FACS analysis of cell suspensions. With injection of purified resting T cells, thymic homing was extremely limited, even with injection of large doses of cells. By contrast, in vivo generated T blast cells migrated to the thymus in substantial numbers. Thymic homing by T blasts was greater than 50-fold more efficient than with resting T cells. Blast cells localized largely in the medulla and remained in the thymus for at least 1 mo post-transfer. Interestingly, localization of T blasts in the thymus was 10-fold higher in irradiated hosts than normal hosts. Thymic homing was especially prominent in mice injected with T blasts incubated in vitro with the DNA precursor, 125I- 5-iodo-2'deoxyuridine (125IDUR); with transfer of 125IDUR-labeled blasts to irradiated hosts, up to 5% of the injected counts localized in the host thymus. These data suggest that thymic homing by T blasts might be largely restricted to cells in S phase. The physiological significance of blast cell entry to the thymus is unclear. The possibility that these cells participate in intrathymic tolerance induction is discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ag
                Arquivos de Gastroenterologia
                Arq. Gastroenterol.
                Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas de Gastroenterologia e Outras Especialidades - IBEPEGE. (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0004-2803
                1678-4219
                March 2005
                : 42
                : 1
                : 41-49
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidade de Cambridge orgdiv1Departamento de Cirurgia Inglaterra
                Article
                S0004-28032005000100010 S0004-2803(05)04200110
                9fb59679-df50-42d7-961b-ad57a32d6e41

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 February 2004
                : 05 September 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Gastroenterologia Experimental

                Transplantation,Rats,homologous,Islets of Langerhans transplantation,Ratos,Transplante homólogo,Transplante das ilhotas de Langerhans

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