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      Tumores hipofisários secretores de TSH: relato de dois casos e revisão da literatura Translated title: TSH-secreting pituitary tumors: two case reports and literature review

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: Tumores hipofisários secretores de hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH), tireotropinomas, são raros e correspondem a menos de 2% de todos os adenomas da hipófise. Manifestam-se clinicamente com sintomas e sinais de tireotoxicose, eventualmente associados a sintomas compressivos, sobretudo visuais, devido ao efeito de massa do tumor. Esses tumores se caracterizam pela presença de níveis séricos elevados de hormônios tireoidianos e níveis séricos elevados, ou inapropriadamente normais, de TSH. Frequentemente, ao diagnóstico, há relato de tratamento prévio cirúrgico, medicamentoso e/ou ablativo, por hipótese de hipertireoidismo primário por doença de Graves. OBJETIVO: Relatar dois casos de tireotropinomas acompanhados na Unidade de Neuroendocrinologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP) e revisar a literatura visando ao manejo desta afecção. CONCLUSÃO: Na presença de hormônios tireoidianos elevados e níveis de TSH inapropriadamente normais ou elevados, a possibilidade de adenoma hipofisário produtor de TSH deve ser considerada com vistas à realização da terapia adequada.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas are rare pituitary functioning tumors accounting for less than 2% of the pituitary adenomas. The clinical feature consists of thyrotoxicosis occasionally associated to tumoral symptoms due to mass effect. The biochemical feature consists of elevated thyroid hormones levels and normal or high TSH concentrations. This disease is often wrongly diagnosed as Grave's disease, and the ablative therapy is frequently conducted prior to the diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To report two cases followed in the Neuroendocrine Unit of Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo and to review the literature aiming at the management of this affection. CONCLUSION: In the presence of elevated thyroid hormone levels associated with inappropriate normal or increased TSH levels, the possibility of a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma should be considered for the proper medical treatment.

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          TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas: follow-up of 11 cases and review of the literature.

          Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenomas account for less than 1% of all pituitary tumors. In the last two decades, their clinical management has changed markedly due to technological advances that made earlier diagnosis possible and the introduction of somatostatin analog therapy. We retrieved the data of 11 patients in Israel diagnosed with TSH-secreting pituitary tumors since 1989. There were six men and five women of mean age 44.8 +/- 19.5 years (range 18-80 years). All had elevated thyroxine and triidothyronine levels with nonsuppressed TSH and imaging evidence of a pituitary tumor. In three patients the tumor co-secreted growth hormone. Ten patients had macroadenomas (> or =10 mm) and one patient had a microadenoma (<10 mm). Nine patients underwent surgery, and all had postoperative evidence of residual tumor. Ten patients received long-term somatostatin analog therapy (9 postoperatively, 1 primarily), which controlled the hyperthyroidism in all of them. In addition, three patients showed tumor shrinkage and seven, stabilization of tumor growth.In conclusion, in patients with TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas, somatostatin therapy appears to be highly effective in treating hyperthyroidism and in halting tumor growth or promoting tumor shrinkage.
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            Glycoprotein hormone α-subunit in pituitary adenomas

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              Glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit in pituitary adenomas.

              Elevated serum glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (alpha-subunit) levels are seen in about one of six patients bearing pituitary adenomas. This finding has particular clinical significance in patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Moreover, the measurement of alpha-subunit along with the calculation of the molar ratio between alpha-subunit and TSH, LH, or FSH is helpful in the diagnosis of glycoprotein hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. Since serum alpha-subunit levels may vary greatly in several physiologic and pathologic conditions, care has to be taken to differentiate abnormal from normal states of alpha-subunit hypersecretion as well as to exclude causes of alpha-subunit overproduction only casually associated with the presence of pituitary tumors.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abem
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
                Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab
                Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (São Paulo )
                1677-9487
                December 2009
                : 53
                : 9
                : 1157-1166
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0004-27302009000900013
                10.1590/S0004-27302009000900013
                9ff56c78-00f1-43f5-9d7f-407b52446ad1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-2730&lng=en
                Categories
                ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                TSH-secreting pituitary tumors,thyrotropinomas,TSH-omas,TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas,Tumores secretores de TSH,tireotropinomas,adenomas hipofisários secretores de TSH

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