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      Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly Relationship between communication and functional capacity Translated title: Comprometimento cognitivo leve em idosos: relação entre comunicação e capacidade funcional

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          Abstract

          Mild Cognitive Impairment is characterized as an intermediate form between age-related change and dementia. For the elderly, autonomy and independence are related to the ability to remain active in conducting their social activities and, for this to occur, communication is fundamental in this process.

          Objective:

          To assess the association between communication and the abilities of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment to perform instrumental activities of daily living.

          Methods:

          A cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical, correlational study was conducted at the Open University of the Third Age (UnATI), a program of the Federal University of Pernambuco. This study included 92 people, comprising 46 elderly with mild cognitive impairment and a caregiver or family member who met the inclusion criteria. The elderly were asked to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire and Lawton-Brody’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. The caregivers were asked to complete the Functional Assessment of Communication Skills. The following variables were studied: social communication skills and instrumental activities of daily living. Data were stored in an Excel ® 2007 spreadsheet, and the Pearson correlation test was used for the statistical analysis.

          Results:

          There were statistically significant correlations in four domains of social communication: referring to family members by name (p=0.0033); requesting information about people or events (p=0.0355); understanding conversations in a noisy environment (p=0.0448); and understanding what they watch on television or listen to on the radio (p=0.0127).

          Conclusion:

          Changes in the communication of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment interfere with their ability to perform instrumental activities autonomously and independently.

          Resumo

          O comprometimento cognitivo leve se caracteriza como forma intermediária entre a alteração ocasionada pela idade e a demência. Para o idoso, autonomia e independência estão relacionadas à capacidade de se manter ativo na realização das suas atividades sociais e, para que isso aconteça, a comunicação se torna fundamental neste processo.

          Objetivo:

          Avaliar a relação entre comunicação e desempenho dos idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve na realização das atividades instrumentais da vida diária.

          Métodos:

          Estudo transversal, quantitativo, analítico e correlacional, realizado na Universidade aberta à Terceira Idade da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Participaram do estudo 92 pessoas, sendo 46 idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve e seus respectivos cuidador ou familiar que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Aos idosos, foram aplicados o questionário sociodemográfico e a Escala de Lawton-Brody; e, a seus informantes, a escala de Avaliação Funcional das Habilidades Comunicativas. As seguintes variáveis foram estudadas: habilidades de comunicação social e atividades instrumentais de vida diária. Os dados foram organizados em planilha Excel ® 2007 e para análise estatística foi aplicado o Teste de Correlação de Pearson.

          Resultados:

          Evidenciou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa em quatro domínios da comunicação social, a saber: nomeia pessoas familiares pelo nome (p=0,0033); solicita informação sobre pessoas ou acontecimentos (p=0,0355); compreende conversas em ambiente barulhento (p=0,0448) e, compreende o que assiste na televisão ou ouve no rádio (p=0,0127).

          Conclusão:

          as alterações existentes na comunicação de idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve interferem na capacidade de realização de atividades instrumentais com autonomia e independência.

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          Most cited references49

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          Effects of combined cognitive and exercise interventions on cognition in older adults with and without cognitive impairment: a systematic review.

          Global concern on the potential impact of dementia is mounting. There are emerging calls for studies in older populations to investigate the potential benefits of combining cognitive and exercise interventions for cognitive functions. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the efficacy of combined cognitive and exercise training in older adults with or without cognitive impairment and evaluate the methodological quality of the intervention studies. A systematic search of Cinahl, Medline, PsycINFO, ProQuest, EMBASE databases and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Manual searches of the reference list from the included papers and additional internet searches were also done. Eight studies were identified in this review, five of which included a cognitively impaired population and three studies included a cognitively healthy population. The results showed that combined cognitive and exercise training can be effective for improving the cognitive functions and functional status of older adults with and without cognitive impairment. However, limited evidence can be found in populations with cognitive impairment when the evaluation included an active control group comparison. Further well-designed studies are still needed to explore the potential benefits of this new intervention paradigm. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Applicability of the CERAD neuropsychological battery to Brazilian elderly

            There is a limited choice of psychometric tests for Portuguese speaking people which have been evaluated in well defined groups. A Portuguese version of CERAD neuropsychological battery was applied to a control group of healthy elderly (CG) (mean age 75.1 years/ education 7.9 years), 31 Alzheimer disease (AD) patients classified by clinical dementia rating (CDR) as CDR1 (71.4/ 9.0) and 12 AD patients CDR 2 (74.1/ 9.3). Cut-off points were: verbal fluency-11; modified Boston naming-12; Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) -26; word list memory-13; constructional praxis-9; word recall-3, word recognition-7; praxis recall-4. There was a significant difference between CG and AD-CDR1 (p<0.0001) for all tests. There was a less significant difference for constructional praxis and no difference for Boston naming. Comparison between AD-CDR1 and AD-CDR2 showed difference only for MMSE, verbal fluency, and Boston naming. The performance of CG was similar to that of a US control sample with comparable education level. These results indicate that this adaptation may be useful for the diagnosis of mild dementia but further studies are needed to define cut-offs for illiterates/low education people.
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              Mini‐mental state: a practical method grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Dement Neuropsychol
                Dement Neuropsychol
                dn
                Dementia & Neuropsychologia
                Associação de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento
                1980-5764
                Apr-Jun 2018
                Apr-Jun 2018
                : 12
                : 2
                : 165-172
                Affiliations
                [1 ]PhD Student in Cognitive Psychology at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
                [2 ]Speech Therapist. Assistant Professor at the Phonoaudiology Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
                [3 ]Assistant Professor at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Ana Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral. Av. Pinheiros, nº733 / apto. 204 - 51170-120 Recife PE - Brazil E-mail: anaizagomes@ 123456gmail.com

                Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

                Author contributions. Ana Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral: conception and design of the study, data collection, bibliographical survey, data analysis and interpretation, charting, review and critical contributions in drafting the manuscript. Cláudia Marina Tavares de Araújo: project design and design of the study, bibliographic review, review of the article in final version. Marcos Felipe Falcão Sobral: bibliographical review, review of the article in the data analysis.

                Article
                10.1590/1980-57642018dn12-020009
                6022979
                29988360
                a03e1aa4-80c5-45eb-a8c6-60bd18e3efd3

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 10 December 2017
                : 10 April 2018
                Categories
                Original Article

                mild cognitive impairment,elderly,communication,comprometimento cognitivo leve,idoso,comunicação

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