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      LIMITACIONES DE LA BACTERIOSIS VASCULAR DE YUCA: NUEVOS AVANCES Translated title: Limitations of Cassava Bacterial Blight: New Advances

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          Abstract

          La yuca (Manihot esculenta) constituye la base de la alimentación de más de 600 millones de personas en el mundo. Una de las principales limitaciones de este cultivo es la bacteriosis vascular, ocasionada por la bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). Este artículo revisa el conocimiento actual acerca de la interacción Xanthomonasyuca. Se presentan estudios recientes llevados a cabo sobre la diversidad y dinámica de las poblaciones de Xam empleando diferentes estrategias moleculares. Se describen los diferentes métodos desarrollados para la detección y diagnóstico de la bacteria en plantas y semillas de yuca y su contribución para reducir el impacto de la enfermedad. Se presentan los estudios encaminados a comprender los mecanismos moleculares y los genes responsables en la resistencia de la yuca a la bacteriosis vascular incluyendo los últimos avances obtenidos gracias a la aplicación de estrategias de genómica funcional. El conocimiento adquirido en los últimos años en este patosistema permitirá desarrollar mejores estrategias para el manejo de la enfermedad así como desarrollar a corto plazo variedades de yuca resistentes a la bacteriosis lo que contribuiría a resolver uno de los principales problemas de los productores pobres de yuca y le abriría un horizonte promisorio al cultivo de la yuca en el mundo.

          Translated abstract

          Cassava (Manihot esculenta), a starchy root crop, constitutes the source of alimentation for over 600 million people worldwide. Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB) is caused the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). This review will focus on the current knowledge on the molecular cassava-Xam interaction. We will present the different molecular techniques developed to assess the genetic diversity and dynamics of Xam populations. We will also present different methods developed for detecting the pathogen in vegetative planting materials and true seeds and their contribution to reduce the impact of the disease. We will review different studies conducted to gain a better understanding on the molecular mechanisms and the genes involved in the cassava bacterial resistance, including the recent advances obtained using functional genomics. The acquired knowledge in the last years for this pathosystem will help to establish better disease control strategies and generate, in a short term, resistant cassava varieties contributing to solve one of the main problems of poor cassava farmers and this effort will open a new horizon to the cassava crop in the world.

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          Most cited references66

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          Plant disease resistance genes encode members of an ancient and diverse protein family within the nucleotide-binding superfamily.

          The nucleotide binding site (NBS) is a characteristic domain of many plant resistance gene products. An increasing number of NBS-encoding sequences are being identified through gene cloning, PCR amplification with degenerate primers, and genome sequencing projects. The NBS domain was analyzed from 14 known plant resistance genes and more than 400 homologs, representing 26 genera of monocotyledonous, dicotyle-donous and one coniferous species. Two distinct groups of diverse sequences were identified, indicating divergence during evolution and an ancient origin for these sequences. One group was comprised of sequences encoding an N-terminal domain with Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor homology (TIR), including the known resistance genes, N, M, L6, RPP1 and RPP5. Surprisingly, this group was entirely absent from monocot species in searches of both random genomic sequences and large collections of ESTs. A second group contained monocot and dicot sequences, including the known resistance genes, RPS2, RPM1, I2, Mi, Dm3, Pi-B, Xa1, RPP8, RPS5 and Prf. Amino acid signatures in the conserved motifs comprising the NBS domain clearly distinguished these two groups. The Arabidopsis genome is estimated to contain approximately 200 genes that encode related NBS motifs; TIR sequences were more abundant and outnumber non-TIR sequences threefold. The Arabidopsis NBS sequences currently in the databases are located in approximately 21 genomic clusters and 14 isolated loci. NBS-encoding sequences may be more prevalent in rice. The wide distribution of these sequences in the plant kingdom and their prevalence in the Arabidopsis and rice genomes indicate that they are ancient, diverse and common in plants. Sequence inferences suggest that these genes encode a novel class of nucleotide-binding proteins.
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            Quantitative nature of Arabidopsis responses during compatible and incompatible interactions with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae.

            We performed large-scale mRNA expression profiling using an Affymetrix GeneChip to study Arabidopsis responses to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. The interactions were compatible (virulent bacteria) or incompatible (avirulent bacteria), including a nonhost interaction and interactions mediated by two different avirulence gene-resistance (R) gene combinations. Approximately 2000 of the approximately 8000 genes monitored showed reproducible significant expression level changes in at least one of the interactions. Analysis of biological variation suggested that the system behavior of the plant response in an incompatible interaction was robust but that of a compatible interaction was not. A large part of the difference between incompatible and compatible interactions can be explained quantitatively. Despite high similarity between responses mediated by the R genes RPS2 and RPM1 in wild-type plants, RPS2-mediated responses were strongly suppressed by the ndr1 mutation and the NahG transgene, whereas RPM1-mediated responses were not. This finding is consistent with the resistance phenotypes of these plants. We propose a simple quantitative model with a saturating response curve that approximates the overall behavior of this plant-pathogen system.
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              Expressed sequence tags: alternative or complement to whole genome sequences?

              Over three million sequences from approximately 200 plant species have been deposited in the publicly available plant expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence databases. Many of the ESTs have been sequenced as an alternative to complete genome sequencing or as a substrate for cDNA array-based expression analyses. This creates a formidable resource from both biodiversity and gene-discovery standpoints. Bioinformatics-based sequence analysis tools have extended the scope of EST analysis into the fields of proteomics, marker development and genome annotation. Although EST collections are certainly no substitute for a whole genome scaffold, this "poor man's genome" resource forms the core foundations for various genome-scale experiments within the as yet unsequenceable plant genomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abc
                Acta Biológica Colombiana
                Acta biol.Colomb.
                Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0120-548X
                December 2006
                : 11
                : suppl 1
                : 21-42
                Affiliations
                [03] Montpellier orgnameUniversité de Perpignan orgdiv1IRDCNRS orgdiv2Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes Francia Valerie.Verdier@ 123456mpl.lrd.fr
                [02] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad de los Andes orgdiv1Departamento de Biología orgdiv2Laboratorio de Micología y Fitopatología Colombia srestrep@ 123456uniandes.edu.co
                [01] Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias orgdiv2Departamento de Biología Colombia celopezc@ 123456unal.edu.co
                Article
                S0120-548X2006000300002 S0120-548X(06)01100002
                a0dc9878-7320-4485-94ed-eeac87609449

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 80, Pages: 22
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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Revisión

                genomics,biología molecular,bacteriosis vascular,resistencia,yuca,molecular biology,cassava bacterial blight,resistance,cassava,genómica

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