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      Prevalência do autorrelato de depressão no Brasil: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013 Translated title: Prevalence of self-reported depression in Brazil: 2013 National Health Survey results

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          Abstract

          RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência do autorrelato de diagnóstico médico prévio de depressão na população adulta brasileira (18 anos ou mais) segundo fatores sociodemográficos. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013, inquérito de base populacional. Foi investigado o autorrelato do diagnóstico médico prévio de depressão, recebido em algum momento da vida. Foram calculadas as prevalências e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), estratificados por sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, raça/cor da pele, para Brasil, local de residência, grandes regiões, unidades federativas e capitais. Resultados: A prevalência de autorrelato de diagnóstico de depressão em adultos no Brasil foi de 7,6% (IC95% 7,2 - 8,1), sendo maior em mulheres (10,9%; IC95% 10,3 - 11,6) e em pessoas entre 60 e 64 anos (11,1%; IC95% 9,1 - 13,1). Ainda, as maiores prevalências foram em indivíduos sem instrução ou com fundamental incompleto, 8,6% (IC95% 7,9 - 9,3), para aqueles com ensino superior completo, 8,7% (IC95% 7,5 - 9,9); e para aqueles que se autodeclararam brancos (9,0%; IC95% 8,3 - 9,6). Por local de residência, esse autorrelato foi maior em indivíduos residentes na região urbana (8,0%; IC95% 7,5 - 8,4) e na região Sul (12,6%; IC95% 11,2 - 13,9). Conclusão: A análise deste estudo revela a importância de conhecer o acesso ao diagnóstico de depressão no Brasil. É necessário aprimorar o acesso aos serviços de saúde com qualidade em todo o território nacional para abranger as populações mais desfavorecidas. Reduzir as disparidades no acesso aos serviços de saúde é fundamental para garantir que direitos sociais sejam equânimes e universais.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the prevalence of self-reported previous medical diagnosis of depression in the adult (18 years or older), Brazilian population according to sociodemographic factors. Methods: Data from the 2013 National Health Survey, a population-based survey, were used. The self-reported previous medical diagnosis of depression, received at some point during the patient's life, was investigated. Prevalence and their respective confidence intervals of 95% (CI 95%) were calculated, stratified by gender, age group, education level, race/skin color, for Brazil, place of residence, major regions, federative units and capitals. Results: The prevalence of self-reported diagnosis of depression in adults in Brazili was of 7.6% (95%CI 7.2 - 8.1), being higher in women (10.9%; 95%CI 10.3 - 11.6) and among people between 60 and 64 years old (11.1%; 95%CI 9.1 - 13.1). Furthermore, the highest prevalence was among individuals with no formal education or those with incomplete primary education 8.6% (95%CI 7.9 - 9.3), for those with complete tertiary education 8.7% (95%CI 7.5 - 9,9); and for those who declared themselves as white (9.0%; 95%CI 8.3 - 9.6). For place of residence, the self-report was higher in individuals living in urban areas (8.0%; 95%CI 7.5 - 8.4) and in the South (12.6%; 95%CI 11.2 - 13.9). Conclusion: The analysis shows the importance of understanding the access to the diagnosis of depression in Brazil. It is necessary to improve access to quality health services throughout the country to include the underprivileged population. Reducing disparities in access to health services is crucial to ensuring that social rights are universal and equal.

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          Understanding differences in health behaviors by education.

          Using a variety of data sets from two countries, we examine possible explanations for the relationship between education and health behaviors, known as the education gradient. We show that income, health insurance, and family background can account for about 30 percent of the gradient. Knowledge and measures of cognitive ability explain an additional 30 percent. Social networks account for another 10 percent. Our proxies for discounting, risk aversion, or the value of future do not account for any of the education gradient, and neither do personality factors such as a sense of control of oneself or over one's life. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde no Brasil: concepção e metodologia de aplicação

            A Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) é um estudo de base domiciliar, de âmbito nacional, realizada pelo Ministério da Saúde em parceria com o IBGE em 2013. Tem como objetivo caracterizar a situação de saúde e os estilos de vida da população, bem como a atenção à sua saúde, quanto ao acesso e uso dos serviços, às ações preventivas, à continuidade dos cuidados e ao financiamento da assistência. O tamanho de amostra é de 80.000 domicílios e permitirá a estimação de alguns indicadores no âmbito das Unidades Federativas, capitais e regiões metropolitanas. O questionário é subdividido em três partes. As duas primeiras são respondidas por um residente do domicílio e abrangem perguntas sobre as características desse domicílio e a situação socioeconômica e de saúde de todos os moradores. O questionário individual é respondido por um morador de 18 anos ou mais, selecionado com equiprobabilidade entre todos os residentes adultos do domicílio e focaliza morbidade e estilos de vida. Para este indivíduo foram feitas aferições de peso, altura, circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial e exames laboratoriais para caracterizar o perfil lipídico, o nível de glicemia no sangue e determinar o teor de sódio na urina. Os exames laboratoriais foram feitos em uma subamostra de 25% dos setores censitários selecionados.
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              Mental Disorders in Megacities: Findings from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey, Brazil

              Background World population growth is projected to be concentrated in megacities, with increases in social inequality and urbanization-associated stress. São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA) provides a forewarning of the burden of mental disorders in urban settings in developing world. The aim of this study is to estimate prevalence, severity, and treatment of recently active DSM-IV mental disorders. We examined socio-demographic correlates, aspects of urban living such as internal migration, exposure to violence, and neighborhood-level social deprivation with 12-month mental disorders. Methods and Results A representative cross-sectional household sample of 5,037 adults was interviewed face-to-face using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), to generate diagnoses of DSM-IV mental disorders within 12 months of interview, disorder severity, and treatment. Administrative data on neighborhood social deprivation were gathered. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate individual and contextual correlates of disorders, severity, and treatment. Around thirty percent of respondents reported a 12-month disorder, with an even distribution across severity levels. Anxiety disorders were the most common disorders (affecting 19.9%), followed by mood (11%), impulse-control (4.3%), and substance use (3.6%) disorders. Exposure to crime was associated with all four types of disorder. Migrants had low prevalence of all four types compared to stable residents. High urbanicity was associated with impulse-control disorders and high social deprivation with substance use disorders. Vulnerable subgroups were observed: women and migrant men living in most deprived areas. Only one-third of serious cases had received treatment in the previous year. Discussion Adults living in São Paulo megacity had prevalence of mental disorders at greater levels than similar surveys conducted in other areas of the world. Integration of mental health promotion and care into the rapidly expanding Brazilian primary health system should be strengthened. This strategy might become a model for poorly resourced and highly populated developing countries.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbepid
                Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia
                Rev. bras. epidemiol.
                Associação Brasileira de Pós -Graduação em Saúde Coletiva
                1415-790X
                December 2015
                : 18
                : suppl 2
                : 170-180
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Ministério da Saúde Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [6 ] Ministério da Saúde Brazil
                Article
                S1415-790X2015000700170
                10.1590/1980-5497201500060015
                27008612
                a159c3a2-52b4-4d38-bf67-7bea9f755750

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1415-790X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Depression,Self report,Diagnosis,Epidemiologic surveys,Health inequalities,Epidemiological surveillance.,Depressão,Autorrelato,Diagnóstico,Inquéritos epidemiológicos,Desigualdades em saúde,Vigilância epidemiológica.

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