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      Trajectories of Life Satisfaction Over the First 10 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury : Race, Gender, and Functional Ability

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d4326199e101">This study investigated the influence of race, gender, functional ability, and an array of preinjury, injury-related, and sociodemographic variables on life satisfaction trajectories over 10 years following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). </p>

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          A validation of the functional independence measurement and its performance among rehabilitation inpatients.

          T.Andrew Dodds, Diane Martin, Walter Stolov … (1993)
          The Functional Independence Measurement (FIM) is a new functional status instrument for use among rehabilitation inpatients, but its validity and reliability have been only partially established. Because of its rapid dissemination, we sought further evidence concerning the FIM's internal consistency, responsiveness over time, and construct validity. We examined Uniform Data System (UDS) data on 11,102 general rehabilitation inpatients from the Pacific Northwest. Mean age was 65 and 51% were male. The most common diagnoses were stroke (52%), orthopedic conditions (10%), and brain injury (10%). Internal consistency of the FIM was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. To assess FIM responsiveness, we examined differences between admission and discharge FIM scores. For construct validation purposes, we hypothesized that the FIM would vary with age, comorbidity, discharge destination, and impairment severity. Comorbidity was quantified with the Charlson Comorbidity Index. The FIM had a high overall internal consistency (discharge FIM alpha = .93). The FIM registered significant functional gains during rehabilitation (33% FIM score improvement, p < .001), as do many other functional status indicators. The greatest and least functional improvements were observed for traumatic brain injury and low back pain (53% and 8% FIM score improvement, respectively). The FIM discriminates patients on the basis of age, comorbidity, and discharge destination. Severity differences could be distinguished among spinal cord injury and stroke patients. We conclude that the FIM has high internal consistency and adequate discriminative capabilities for rehabilitation patients. It is a good indicator of burden of care, and demonstrates some responsiveness, but its capacity to measure change over time needs further examination and comparison with competing scales.
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            New findings and future directions for subjective well-being research.

            Ed Diener (2012)
            Recent findings on subjective well-being (SWB) are presented, and I describe the important questions for future research that these raise. Worldwide predictors of SWB such as social support and fulfillment of basic needs have been uncovered, and there are large differences in SWB between societies. A number of culture-specific predictors of SWB have also been found. Research on social comparison suggests that a world standard for a desirable income has developed. New findings on adaptation indicate that habituation to conditions is not always complete and that circumstances in some cases can have a large and lasting effect on SWB. An important finding is that high SWB benefits health, longevity, citizenship, and social relationships. Because of the benefits of SWB as well as the strong effects societal conditions can have on it, I proposed national accounts of SWB, which are now being seriously considered by nations. Finally, I review advances in methodology that are needed to move beyond conclusions based on simple cross-sectional correlations based on global self-report scales. Each of the findings raises new and important questions for future research. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.
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              Change in life satisfaction during adulthood: findings from the veterans affairs normative aging study.

              Daniel Mroczek, Avron Spiro (2005)
              Change in life satisfaction was modeled over a 22-year period in 1,927 men. A curvilinear relationship emerged. Growth-curve models indicated that life satisfaction peaked at age 65 and then declined, but showed significant individual differences in rate of change. Extraversion predicted variability in change, with higher levels associated with a high and flat life satisfaction trajectory. Time-varying physical health and marital status were associated with higher life satisfaction. Proximity to death was associated with a decline in life satisfaction. On measurement occasions that were within 1 year before death, trajectories showed steeper decline, and this effect was not attributable to declines in self-rated physical health. The findings are at odds with prior (cross-sectional) research showing that subjective well-being improves with aging.
              Article 0 comments Cited 106 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
                Abbreviated Title: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
                Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
                ISSN (Print): 0885-9701
                Publication date Created: 2016
                Publication date (Print): 2016
                Volume: 31
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 167-179
                Article
                DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000111
                PubMed ID: 25699619
                SO-VID: a1d397e0-ca08-497c-a59e-7353f9994f7f
                Copyright © © 2016
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