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      Cirurgia de varizes em Portugal: que outcomes interessa avaliar? Translated title: Varicose veins surgery in Portugal: which outcomes to assess?

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          Abstract

          A doença venosa crónica (DVC) é a patologia vascular mais frequente, com uma prevalência estimada nos países ocidentais de 40% nas mulheres e 17% nos homens. Os recursos humanos, técnicos e orçamentais necessários para permitir o tratamento de uma patologia tão prevalente são enormes. Torna-se, assim, imperativo conhecer as consequências da DVC e realçar os benefícios do seu tratamento cirúrgico. Os outcomes a avaliar na cirurgia de varizes são menos claros que nas restantes cirurgias vasculares, tornando-se por isso imperativo definir um conjunto claro e validado de resultados para confrontar os resultados nacionais com a literatura internacional. Em Portugal a cirurgia de varizes tem a particularidade de ser praticada em grande escala por cirurgiões gerais. Os outcomes definidos também serão importantes para comparar os resultados deste procedimento quando praticado por cirurgiões vasculares ou gerais. Este artigo propõe a criação de um protocolo de avaliação da cirurgia de varizes em Portugal. É também elaborada uma revisão com o objetivo de destacar as diferentes áreas em que a DVC afeta a vida de um doente e de sistematizar, com base na evidência atual, as vantagens do seu tratamento cirúrgico.

          Translated abstract

          Chronic venous disease (CVD) it's the most frequent vascular pathology, with an estimated prevalence in western countries of 40% in females and 17% in males. The human and financial resources necessary to provide treatment to such a ubiquitous disease is massive. Therefore, it is imperative to know the consequences of CVD and to highlight the benefits of its surgical treatment. In contrast to other vascular surgeries, the outcomes to assess in varicose veins surgery are less well defined. It is so vital to define a concrete set of international validated outcomes to compare the national results with the international literature. Besides, varicose vein surgery in Portugal has the particularity of being performed by both vascular and general surgeons. The selected outcomes will be important to confront the results of this procedure between the two specialties. The article proposes the creation of a varicose veins surgery evaluation protocol in Portugal. A literature revision of the main negative aspects of CVD and a systematization of the advantages of its surgical treatment will also be performed.

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          The care of patients with varicose veins and associated chronic venous diseases: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the American Venous Forum.

          The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the American Venous Forum (AVF) have developed clinical practice guidelines for the care of patients with varicose veins of the lower limbs and pelvis. The document also includes recommendations on the management of superficial and perforating vein incompetence in patients with associated, more advanced chronic venous diseases (CVDs), including edema, skin changes, or venous ulcers. Recommendations of the Venous Guideline Committee are based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system as strong (GRADE 1) if the benefits clearly outweigh the risks, burden, and costs. The suggestions are weak (GRADE 2) if the benefits are closely balanced with risks and burden. The level of available evidence to support the evaluation or treatment can be of high (A), medium (B), or low or very low (C) quality. The key recommendations of these guidelines are: We recommend that in patients with varicose veins or more severe CVD, a complete history and detailed physical examination are complemented by duplex ultrasound scanning of the deep and superficial veins (GRADE 1A). We recommend that the CEAP classification is used for patients with CVD (GRADE 1A) and that the revised Venous Clinical Severity Score is used to assess treatment outcome (GRADE 1B). We suggest compression therapy for patients with symptomatic varicose veins (GRADE 2C) but recommend against compression therapy as the primary treatment if the patient is a candidate for saphenous vein ablation (GRADE 1B). We recommend compression therapy as the primary treatment to aid healing of venous ulceration (GRADE 1B). To decrease the recurrence of venous ulcers, we recommend ablation of the incompetent superficial veins in addition to compression therapy (GRADE 1A). For treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein (GSV), we recommend endovenous thermal ablation (radiofrequency or laser) rather than high ligation and inversion stripping of the saphenous vein to the level of the knee (GRADE 1B). We recommend phlebectomy or sclerotherapy to treat varicose tributaries (GRADE 1B) and suggest foam sclerotherapy as an option for the treatment of the incompetent saphenous vein (GRADE 2C). We recommend against selective treatment of perforating vein incompetence in patients with simple varicose veins (CEAP class C(2); GRADE 1B), but we suggest treatment of pathologic perforating veins (outward flow duration ≥500 ms, vein diameter ≥3.5 mm) located underneath healed or active ulcers (CEAP class C(5)-C(6); GRADE 2B). We suggest treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome and pelvic varices with coil embolization, plugs, or transcatheter sclerotherapy, used alone or together (GRADE 2B). Copyright © 2011 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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            The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins.

            Chronic venous disease is a common condition presenting to physicians in Western Europe and the United States. This article provides a comprehensive review of the published literature in the English language, from 1942 to the present, and focuses on the prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins, as well as the involved risk factors. Prevalence estimates vary widely by geographic location, with the highest reported rates in Western countries. Reports of prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency vary from < 1% to 40% in females and from < 1% to 17% in males. Prevalence estimates for varicose veins are higher, <1% to 73% in females and 2% to 56% in males. The reported ranges in prevalence estimations presumably reflect differences in the population distribution of risk factors, accuracy in application of diagnostic criteria, and the quality and availability of medical diagnostic and treatment resources. Established risk factors include older age, female gender, pregnancy, family history of venous disease, obesity, and occupations associated with orthostasis. Yet, there are several factors that are not well documented, such as diet, physical activity and exogenous hormone use, which may be important in the development of chronic venous disease and its clinical manifestations.
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              Epidemiology of chronic venous disorders in geographically diverse populations: results from the Vein Consult Program.

              The Vein Consult Program is an international, observational, prospective survey aiming to collect global epidemiological data on chronic venous disorders (CVD) based on the CEAP classification, and to identify CVD management worldwide. The survey was organized within the framework of ordinary consultations, with general practitioners (GPs) properly trained on the use of the CEAP classification.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                ang
                Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular
                Angiol Cir Vasc
                Sociedade Portuguesa de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (Lisboa )
                1646-706X
                December 2015
                : 11
                : 4
                : 140-152
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centro Hospitalar de São João Portugal
                [2 ] Centro Hospitalar de São João
                [3 ] Universidade do Porto Portugal
                [4 ] Centro de Investigação e Tecnologia de Informação em Sistemas de Saúde
                [5 ] Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa Portugal
                [6 ] Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra Portugal
                [7 ] Hospital Santa Marta Portugal
                [8 ] Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Portugal
                Article
                S1646-706X2015000400003
                10.1016/j.ancv.2015.07.005
                a210471d-625e-4681-9e7c-840bd6d2aa68

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1646-706X&lng=en
                Categories
                PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Chronic venous disease,Varicose veins,Varicose veins surgery,Vascular surgery,General surgery,Doença venosa crónica,Veias varicosas,Cirurgia de varizes,Cirurgia vascular,Cirurgia geral

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