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      Indigenous guardians as an emerging approach to indigenous environmental governance

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          Abstract

          Over the past 3 decades, indigenous guardian programs (also known as indigenous rangers or watchmen) have emerged as an institution for indigenous governments to engage in collaborative environmental governance. Using a systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature for research conducted in Australia, Canada, Aotearoa‐New Zealand, and the United States, we sought to characterize the emergence of indigenous guardians in the literature and explore whether guardian approaches are representative of Indigenous approaches to environmental governance. Using a multistep relevance‐screening method, we reviewed 83 articles published since 1995, that report on, critique, or comment on Indigenous guardians. Our findings indicated that most articles on the topic were published in the last decade (88%), focused on Australia (65%), and were in a social science discipline (53%). The lead author of the majority of articles was an academic, although only half of the articles included an indigenous scholar or member of an indigenous group or organization as a coauthor. Finally, 11 articles were on research of guardian programs that were locally led and only 5 exemplified indigenous governance, based on 2 well‐known community‐based monitoring typologies. Our findings indicate that more research is required to understand the implications of current guardian programs for indigenous self‐determination, particularly when such programs are embedded in a broader western environmental governance structure.

          Abstract

          Article impact statement: Since 2010, the number of peer‐reviewed articles on indigenous guardians has risen substantially, signaling their vital role in conservation.

          Translated abstract

          Guardianes Indígenas como una Estrategia Emergente para la Administración Ambiental Indígena

          Resumen

          Durante las tres décadas más recientes, los programas de guardianes indígenas (también conocidos como guardias o vigilantes indígenas) han emergido como una institución para que las administraciones indígenas participen en la administración ambiental colaborativa. Mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura revisada por pares de proyectos de investigación realizados en Australia, Canadá, Aotearoa‐Nueva Zelanda y en los Estados Unidos buscamos caracterizar el surgimiento de los guardianes indígenas en la literatura y exploramos si las estrategias de guardianes son representativas de las estrategias indígenas para la administración ambiental. Usamos un método de filtración de relevancia con pasos múltiples para revisar 83 artículos publicados desde 1995; estos artículos reportan, critican o comentan sobre los guardianes indígenas. Nuestros hallazgos indicaron que la mayoría de los artículos dedicados a este tema fue publicada en la última década (88%), está enfocada en Australia (65%) y está dedicada a una disciplina de las ciencias sociales (53%). El autor principal de la mayoría de los artículos fue un académico, aunque sólo la mitad de los artículos incluía a un investigador indígena o a un miembro de un grupo u organización indígena como coautor. Finalmente, once artículos investigaron los programas de guardianes liderados localmente y solamente cinco artículos ejemplifican la administración indígena con base en dos tipologías populares de monitoreo basadas en la comunidad. Nuestros hallazgos indican que se requiere una mayor investigación para entender las implicaciones de los programas de guardianes para la autodeterminación indígena, particularmente cuando dichos programas están arraigados en una estructura de administración ambiental occidental más generalizada.

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          Guidelines for systematic review in conservation and environmental management.

          An increasing number of applied disciplines are utilizing evidence-based frameworks to review and disseminate the effectiveness of management and policy interventions. The rationale is that increased accessibility of the best available evidence will provide a more efficient and less biased platform for decision making. We argue that there are significant benefits for conservation in using such a framework, but the scientific community needs to undertake and disseminate more systematic reviews before the full benefit can be realized. We devised a set of guidelines for undertaking formalized systematic review, based on a health services model. The guideline stages include planning and conducting a review, including protocol formation, search strategy, data inclusion, data extraction, and analysis. Review dissemination is addressed in terms of current developments and future plans for a Web-based open-access library. By the use of case studies we highlight critical modifications to guidelines for protocol formulation, data-quality assessment, data extraction, and data synthesis for conservation and environmental management. Ecological data presented significant but soluble challenges for the systematic review process, particularly in terms of the quantity, accessibility, and diverse quality of available data. In the field of conservation and environmental management there needs to be further engagement of scientists and practitioners to develop and take ownership of an evidence-based framework.
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            Decolonization is not a metaphor

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              Systematic review approaches for climate change adaptation research

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                greed01@uoguelph.ca
                Journal
                Conserv Biol
                Conserv Biol
                10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739
                COBI
                Conservation Biology
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                0888-8892
                1523-1739
                17 July 2020
                February 2021
                : 35
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1111/cobi.v35.1 )
                : 179-189
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] School of Environmental Design and Rural Development University of Guelph 50 Stone Road East Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
                [ 2 ] Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of Saskatchewan Room 3D34, Agriculture Building 51 Campus Drive Saskatoon SK S7N 5A8 Canada
                Author notes
                [*] [* ]Address correspondence to G. Reed, email greed01@ 123456uoguelph.ca

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-4215
                Article
                COBI13532
                10.1111/cobi.13532
                7984387
                32378218
                a2632742-fa5b-4b22-af09-e25bb2460112
                © 2020 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 25 March 2020
                : 24 January 2020
                : 29 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, Pages: 11, Words: 7570
                Funding
                Funded by: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100000155;
                Award ID: Joseph‐Armand Bombardier CGS‐Doctoral
                Funded by: University of Guelph , open-funder-registry 10.13039/100008986;
                Award ID: Aboriginal Graduate Scholarship
                Categories
                Review
                Reviews
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                February 2021
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.0 mode:remove_FC converted:22.03.2021

                Ecology
                environmental management,indigenous peoples,indigenous rangers,indigenous watchmen,self‐determination,autodeterminación,guardias indígenas,manejo ambiental,pueblos indígenas,vigilantes indígenas

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