Prebiotics/Probiotics Mixture Induced Changes in Cecal Microbiome and Intestinal Morphology Alleviated the Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Rat

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of multi-strain probiotics and prebiotics on loperamide-induced constipation in Sprague-Dawley rats. A multi-strain probiotics alone (loperamide-induced group with multi-strain probiotics mixture group; Lop-Pro) and a mixture of multi-strain probiotics and prebiotics (loperamide-induced group with multi-strain probiotics and prebiotics mixture group; Lop-Pro/Pre) were administered orally after inducing constipation. The fecal water content was significantly higher (by 42%) in the Lop-Pro/Pre group (33.5%) than in the loperamide-induced group (Lop) (23.7%) (p<0.05). The intestinal mucosal thickness, crypt cell area, and interstitial cells of Cajal area were significantly higher in the Lop-Pro/Pre group compared to the Lop group by 16.4%, 20.6%, and 42.3%, respectively. Additionally, the total short-chain fatty acid content was significantly increased in the Lop-Pro and Lop-Pro/Pre groups by 56.4% and 54.2%, respectively, compared with the Lop group. The Lop-Pro and Lop-Pro/Pre groups recovered loperamide-induced alteration in Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia abundance among intestinal microbiota, whereas the Lop-Pro/Pre group recovered Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Oscillibacter abundance. Moreover, the relative abundance of Oscillibacter and Clostridium was significantly different in the Lop-Pro/Pre group compared to the Lop group. Collectively, administration of synbiotics rather than multi-strain probiotics alone is effective in alleviating constipation.

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W. Li, A. Godzik (2006)

In 2001 and 2002, we published two papers (Bioinformatics, 17, 282-283, Bioinformatics, 18, 77-82) describing an ultrafast protein sequence clustering program called cd-hit. This program can efficiently cluster a huge protein database with millions of sequences. However, the applications of the underlying algorithm are not limited to only protein sequences clustering, here we present several new programs using the same algorithm including cd-hit-2d, cd-hit-est and cd-hit-est-2d. Cd-hit-2d compares two protein datasets and reports similar matches between them; cd-hit-est clusters a DNA/RNA sequence database and cd-hit-est-2d compares two nucleotide datasets. All these programs can handle huge datasets with millions of sequences and can be hundreds of times faster than methods based on the popular sequence comparison and database search tools, such as BLAST.

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Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species.

Ok-Sun Kim, Yong-Joon Cho, Kihyun Lee … (2012)

Despite recent advances in commercially optimized identification systems, bacterial identification remains a challenging task in many routine microbiological laboratories, especially in situations where taxonomically novel isolates are involved. The 16S rRNA gene has been used extensively for this task when coupled with a well-curated database, such as EzTaxon, containing sequences of type strains of prokaryotic species with validly published names. Although the EzTaxon database has been widely used for routine identification of prokaryotic isolates, sequences from uncultured prokaryotes have not been considered. Here, the next generation database, named EzTaxon-e, is formally introduced. This new database covers not only species within the formal nomenclatural system but also phylotypes that may represent species in nature. In addition to an identification function based on Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (blast) searches and pairwise global sequence alignments, a new objective method of assessing the degree of completeness in sequencing is proposed. All sequences that are held in the EzTaxon-e database have been subjected to phylogenetic analysis and this has resulted in a complete hierarchical classification system. It is concluded that the EzTaxon-e database provides a useful taxonomic backbone for the identification of cultured and uncultured prokaryotes and offers a valuable means of communication among microbiologists who routinely encounter taxonomically novel isolates. The database and its analytical functions can be found at http://eztaxon-e.ezbiocloud.net/.

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Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides.

David Topping, Peter M. Clifton (2001)

Resistant starch (RS) is starch and products of its small intestinal digestion that enter the large bowel. It occurs for various reasons including chemical structure, cooking of food, chemical modification, and food mastication. Human colonic bacteria ferment RS and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP; major components of dietary fiber) to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFA stimulate colonic blood flow and fluid and electrolyte uptake. Butyrate is a preferred substrate for colonocytes and appears to promote a normal phenotype in these cells. Fermentation of some RS types favors butyrate production. Measurement of colonic fermentation in humans is difficult, and indirect measures (e.g., fecal samples) or animal models have been used. Of the latter, rodents appear to be of limited value, and pigs or dogs are preferable. RS is less effective than NSP in stool bulking, but epidemiological data suggest that it is more protective against colorectal cancer, possibly via butyrate. RS is a prebiotic, but knowledge of its other interactions with the microflora is limited. The contribution of RS to fermentation and colonic physiology seems to be greater than that of NSP. However, the lack of a generally accepted analytical procedure that accommodates the major influences on RS means this is yet to be established.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Food Sci Anim Resour

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Food Sci Anim Resour

Journal ID (publisher-id): Food Sci Anim Resour

Journal ID (publisher-id): kosfa

Title: Food Science of Animal Resources

Publisher: Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources

ISSN (Print): 2636-0772

ISSN (Electronic): 2636-0780

Publication date (Print): May 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 01 May 2021

Volume: 41

Issue: 3

Pages: 527-541

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea

[2 ]Chong Kun Dang Healthcare Co. , Seoul 04300, Korea

[3 ]Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul 02841, Korea

[4 ]Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University , Jeju 63243, Korea

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author : Hyung Joo Suh, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Graduate School, Seoul 02841, Korea, Tel: +82-2-940-2853, Fax: +82-2-921-7207, E-mail: suh1960@ 123456korea.ac.kr

[* ]Corresponding author : Ki-Bae Hong, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea, Tel: +82-64-754-3556, Fax: +82-64-725-2539, E-mail: kbhong@ 123456jejunu.ac.kr

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Author information

Min Guk Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8625-4957

Kyungae Jo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4056-6706

Kyoungwon Cho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3693-2817

Sung Sun Park https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4163-8927

Hyung Joo Suh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-3929

Ki-Bae Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5199-2685

Article

Publisher ID: kosfa-41-3-527

DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e17

PMC ID: 8112309

PubMed ID: 34017959

SO-VID: a2736e67-dad4-4a44-8ca5-370d26fee6f6

License:

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 12 March 2021

Date revision received : 23 March 2021

Date accepted : 23 March 2021

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crossmark 2021-05-01

Keywords: constipation,multi-strain probiotics,loperamide,microbiota

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Keywords: constipation, multi-strain probiotics, loperamide, microbiota

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Prebiotics/Probiotics Mixture Induced Changes in Cecal Microbiome and Intestinal Morphology Alleviated the Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Rat

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Tick microbiome

Most cited references 51

Cd-hit: a fast program for clustering and comparing large sets of protein or nucleotide sequences.

Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species.

Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides.

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