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      The comparison of methylene blue and vitamin E in prevention of abdominal postoperative adhesion formation in rat uterine horn models: Biochemical and histopathologic evaluation Translated title: Comparação do azul de metileno e vitamina E na prevenção de aderência abdominal pós-operatória em corno uterino de ratos: avalição bioquímica e histopatológica

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          Abstract

          Purpose: To compare the effects of vitamin E and 1% methylen blue solutions on prevention of experimentally induced adhesions in rats. Methods: Thirty seven female Spraque Dawley rats were randomized into four groups. First group was kept as sham operated group. An adhesion model was constituted on the left uterine horn of the other groups. The lesion areas of rats from the second, the third and the fourth groups were coated with 2 ml 0.9 % saline solution (C group), 10 mg vitamin E (VE group) and 1% methylen blue solutions (MB group), respectively. Results: Histopathologically, adhesion scores, mononuclear cell infiltration, oedema and fibrosis were more prominent in the MB group compared with C and VE groups. There were no significant differences between the groups in tissue glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activities and glutation (GSH) level, these parameters were slightly increased in group with VE supplementation though. The administration of VE and MB significantly decreased NO (P<0.01) levels when compared to the C group. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the VE group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those of the Sh and C groups. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal methylen blue solutions treatments were more effective according to vitamin E in preventing the formation of intra-abdominal adhesion in a rat uterine horn model.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos da vitamina E e 1% da solução de azul de metileno na prevenção de aderências induzidas em ratos. Métodos: Trinta e sete ratos fêmeas Spraque Dawley foram distribuídos em quatro grupos. O primeiro grupo foi mantido como grupo sham. O modelo de aderência foi realizado no corno uterino esquerdo nos outros grupos. As áreas da lesão dos ratos do segundo, terceiro e quarto grupos foram revestidas com 2 ml de solução salina 0,9% (Grupo C), 10 mg de vitamina E (Grupo VE) e solução de azul de metileno 1% (Grupo MB), respectivamente. Resultados: Histopatologicamente, o escore das aderências, infiltração celular mononuclear, edema e fibrose foram mais proeminentes no grupo MB em comparação aos grupos C e VE. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos na peroxidase da glutatione do tecido (GPx), atividade da catalase (CAT) e o nível de glutation (GSH). Estes parâmetros foram ligeiramente aumentados no grupo com suplemento da VE. A administração da VE e do MB diminuiu significantemente os níveis quando quando comparada ao Grupo C. O nível de malondialdeído no grupo VE foi significantemente mais baixo do que nos grupos sham e C. Conclusão: A administração intraperitoneal da solução de azul de metileno foi mais eficaz de acordo com a vitamina E na prevenção de aderências intra-abdominais no corno uterino de ratos.

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          Preventing intraperitoneal adhesions with vitamin E and sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose: a comparative study in rats

          PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of intraperitoneally administered vitamin E with the sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA/CBMC) in preventing postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion formation. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats underwent a laparotomy and adhesions were induced (IA). The animals were divided into four groups: group 1, control (IA); group 2 (IA + Vitamin E): group 3 (IA+HA/CBMC) and group 4 (IA+ Vitamin E + HA/CBMC). The Vitamin E (groups 2 and 4) and HA/CBMC (groups 3 and 4) were administered intraperitoneally before the abdominal wall was closed. After 30 days, adhesions were classified by an independent surgeon. RESULTS: Three animals died; one from group 3 and two from group 4. All control animals had substantial adhesions compared with unsubstantial adhesions observed in 11/15 in group 2 (P = 0.000), 11/14 in group 3 (P = 0.001), and 10/13 in group 4 (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Vitamin E, administered intraperitoneally, is as effective as HA/CBMC in preventing postoperative adhesions.
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            Protective role of α-tocopherol and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on ischemia–reperfusion injury via nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase in rat kidneys

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              Methylene Blue Inhibits the Increase of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity Induced by Stress and Lipopolysaccharide in the Medial Basal Hypothalamus of Rats

              In infection bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that produces large quantities of NO toxic to the invading organisms, but also often has toxic effects on host cells. Therefore, inhibition of iNOS activity might be beneficial in combatting these adverse effects. To determine if methylene blue (MB), an oxidizing agent that inactivates iNOS, would reduce the iNOS levels in the medial basal hypothalami (MBH) of conscious male rats, LPS (5 mg/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.), and after 3 h they were injected i.v. with either MB (3 mg/kg) or saline and the effects on iNOS in the MBH determined. iNOS was measured by conversion of labeled arginine into citrulline by incubating MBH in the absence of calcium (Ca 2+ ) since iNOS does not require Ca 2+ for activation. The results indicate that iNOS was induced by the injection of saline, but the induction by LPS was much greater, an increase of 10-fold above that of control sham-operated animals. Both the induction of iNOS from the stress of saline injections and LPS were completely eliminated by MB indicating that MB might be beneficial in preventing injury to brain tissue following LPS injection. There was no effect of either LPS or MB on the Ca 2+ -dependent constitutive NOS activity.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                acb
                Acta Cirurgica Brasileira
                Acta Cir. Bras.
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia (São Paulo )
                1678-2674
                February 2011
                : 26
                : 1
                : 51-57
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Firat University Turkey
                [2 ] Firat University Turkey
                [3 ] University of Bingöl Turkey
                [4 ] Firat University Turkey
                Article
                S0102-86502011000100010
                10.1590/S0102-86502011000100010
                a334faa5-87d8-464a-9081-275a8d44be5b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-8650&lng=en
                Categories
                SURGERY

                Surgery
                Vitamin E,Methylene Blue,Tissue Adhesions,Uterus,Rats,Vitamina E,Azul de Metileno,Aderências Teciduais,Útero,Ratos

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