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      The contribution of active play to the physical activity of primary school children

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To examine associations between active play and the physical activity of 10- to 11-year-old children.

          Method

          Cross-sectional study of 747, 10- tot11-year-olds, conducted between February 2008 and March 2009 in Bristol, UK. Mean minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and mean activity levels (counts per minute, CPM) were assessed by accelerometer. Frequency of active play was self-reported.

          Results

          Regression models indicated that frequent active play (5 or more days per week) was associated with mean daily activity levels (CPM) (girls: p = < 0.01; boys: p = <0.01), but was only associated with mean daily MVPA for girls ( p = < 0.01). For leisure-time physical activity, active play was associated with children's CPM (girls: p = 0.02; boys: p = < 0.01) and MVPA (girls: p = < 0.01; boys: p = 0.03) on weekdays after school, but was only associated with weekend day CPM for boys ( p =<0.01).

          Conclusion

          Active play is associated with children's physical activity with after-school potentially being a critical period. Strategies to promote active play may prove to be a successful means of increasing children's physical activity.

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          A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents.

          J Sallis, J J Prochaska, W C Taylor (2000)
          Understanding the factors that influence physical activity can aid the design of more effective interventions. Previous reviews of correlates of youth physical activity have produced conflicting results. A comprehensive review of correlates of physical activity was conducted, and semiquantitative results were summarized separately for children (ages 3-12) and adolescents (ages 13-18). The 108 studies evaluated 40 variables for children and 48 variables for adolescents. About 60% of all reported associations with physical activity were statistically significant. Variables that were consistently associated with children's physical activity were sex (male), parental overweight status, physical activity preferences, intention to be active, perceived barriers (inverse), previous physical activity, healthy diet, program/facility access, and time spent outdoors. Variables that were consistently associated with adolescents' physical activity were sex (male), ethnicity (white), age (inverse), perceived activity competence, intentions, depression (inverse), previous physical activity, community sports, sensation seeking, sedentary after school and on weekends (inverse), parent support, support from others, sibling physical activity, direct help from parents, and opportunities to exercise. These consistently related variables should be confirmed in prospective studies, and interventions to improve the modifiable variables should be developed and evaluated.
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            Targeting sedentary time or moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity: independent relations with adiposity in a population-based sample of 10-y-old British children.

            Ashleigh S. Griffin, Aedin Cassidy, Peter van Lent … (2009)
            It is unclear whether subcomponents of physical activity (PA) are associated with adiposity independent of time spent while sedentary. The objective was to examine associations between objectively measured PA and its subcomponents [ie, time spent at light-intensity PA, moderate-intensity PA (MPA), vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), and moderate-plus-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA)], independent of sedentary time, and self-reported leisure screen time (television and electronic game use) with indexes of adiposity in a population-based sample of British children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1862 UK children aged 9-10 y. PA and sedentary activity were measured by accelerometry, and indicators of adiposity were waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass index calculated from bioimpedance measurements. Screen time was assessed by self-report. We examined the associations between PA subcomponents and adiposity by multilevel linear models adjusted for birth weight, maternal BMI, energy intake, and sleep duration. Objectively measured sedentary time was positively associated with waist circumference (P = 0.04) and fat mass index (P = 0.05), independent of age and sex. However, this association was attenuated after adjustment for MVPA and other covariates. VPA (all P < 0.0001), combined MVPA (all P < 0.01), and total activity (counts/min) (all P < 0.001) were all inversely associated with each of the adiposity indexes, independent of sedentary time and other important covariates. Associations were weaker for MPA: P = 0.05, 0.87, and 0.1 for waist circumference, BMI, and fat mass index, respectively. Time spent in VPA appears to be more strongly associated with adiposity than sedentary time. Interventions may therefore need to incorporate higher intensity-based activities to curb the growing obesity epidemic.
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              Children's active free play in local neighborhoods: a behavioral mapping study.

              Stefanie Salmon, K. Ball, Nicola Veitch (2008)
              Many Australian children are more sedentary than they should be, and almost one in five are currently overweight or obese. Some children may face difficulties finding opportunities to be active, having poor access to safe public open spaces or having low independent mobility limiting their access to places to play. This study aimed to examine children's access to places in their neighborhood for active free play and how these vary by age, sex and socioeconomic status (SES). Behavioral maps of the local neighborhood were completed by children (8-12 years) from five primary schools across different areas of Melbourne. Children living in low SES outer-urban neighborhoods had to travel greater distances to access local parks compared with those in inner-urban mid and high SES areas. One-third (32%) of children reported an independent mobility range of <100 m from home. In conclusion, for some children opportunities to engage in active free play in the local neighborhood may be limited due to lack of parks in close proximity to home and restricted independent mobility. It is important to collaborate with local governments, urban planners and community groups to improve access to neighborhood parks and to promote a sense of neighborhood safety.
              Article 0 comments Cited 61 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Prev Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Prev Med
                Title: Preventive Medicine
                Publisher: Academic Press
                ISSN (Print): 0091-7435
                ISSN (Electronic): 1096-0260
                Publication date PMC-release: August 2010
                Publication date (Print): August 2010
                Volume: 51
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 144-147
                Affiliations
                Department of Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TP, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Fax: +44 117 331 0978. Rowan.Brockman@ 123456bristol.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: YPMED2845
                DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.05.012
                PMC ID: 2917007
                PubMed ID: 20561971
                SO-VID: a36d7f92-3cdb-4562-87e8-05cfd1b2d28b
                Copyright © © 2010 Elsevier Inc.
                License:

                This document may be redistributed and reused, subject to certain conditions.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: accelerometer,active play,leisure time,physical activity,children
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: accelerometer, active play, leisure time, physical activity, children

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