Molecular Phylogeny of the Myxobolus and Henneguya Genera with Several New South American Species

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Abstract

The present study consists of a detailed phylogenetic analysis of myxosporeans of the Myxobolus and Henneguya genera, including sequences from 12 Myxobolus/Henneguya species, parasites of South American pimelodids, bryconids and characids. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses, based on 18 S rDNA gene sequences, showed that the strongest evolutionary signal is the phylogenetic affinity of the fish hosts, with clustering mainly occurring according to the order and/or family of the host. Of the 12 South American species studied here, six are newly described infecting fish from the Brazilian Pantanal wetland. Henneguya maculosus n. sp. and Myxobolus flavus n. sp. were found infecting both Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum; Myxobolus aureus n. sp. and Myxobolus pantanalis n. sp. were observed parasitizing Salminus brasiliensis and Myxobolus umidus n. sp. and Myxobolus piraputangae n. sp. were detected infecting Brycon hilarii.

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TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers.

R D Page (1996)

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Incomplete taxon sampling is not a problem for phylogenetic inference.

Samir Kumar-Singh, S Kumar (2001)

A major issue in all data collection for molecular phylogenetics is taxon sampling, which refers to the use of data from only a small representative set of species for inferring higher-level evolutionary history. Insufficient taxon sampling is often cited as a significant source of error in phylogenetic studies, and consequently, acquisition of large data sets is advocated. To test this assertion, we have conducted computer simulation studies by using natural collections of evolutionary parameters--rates of evolution, species sampling, and gene lengths--determined from data available in genomic databases. A comparison of the true tree with trees constructed by using taxa subsamples and trees constructed by using all taxa shows that the amount of phylogenetic error per internal branch is similar; a result that holds true for the neighbor-joining, minimum evolution, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods. Furthermore, our results show that even though trees inferred by using progressively larger taxa subsamples of a real data set become increasingly similar to trees inferred by using the full sample, all inferred trees are equidistant from the true tree in terms of phylogenetic error per internal branch. Our results suggest that longer sequences, rather than extensive sampling, will better improve the accuracy of phylogenetic inference.

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Evolutionary history of Otophysi (Teleostei), a major clade of the modern freshwater fishes: Pangaean origin and Mesozoic radiation

Masanori Nakatani, Masaki Miya, Kohji Mabuchi … (2011)

Background Freshwater harbors approximately 12,000 fish species accounting for 43% of the diversity of all modern fish. A single ancestral lineage evolved into about two-thirds of this enormous biodiversity (≈ 7900 spp.) and is currently distributed throughout the world's continents except Antarctica. Despite such remarkable species diversity and ubiquity, the evolutionary history of this major freshwater fish clade, Otophysi, remains largely unexplored. To gain insight into the history of otophysan diversification, we constructed a timetree based on whole mitogenome sequences across 110 species representing 55 of the 64 families. Results Partitioned maximum likelihood analysis based on unambiguously aligned sequences (9923 bp) confidently recovered the monophyly of Otophysi and the two constituent subgroups (Cypriniformes and Characiphysi). The latter clade comprised three orders (Gymnotiformes, Characiformes, Siluriformes), and Gymnotiformes was sister to the latter two groups. One of the two suborders in Characiformes (Characoidei) was more closely related to Siluriformes than to its own suborder (Citharinoidei), rendering the characiforms paraphyletic. Although this novel relationship did not receive strong statistical support, it was supported by analyzing independent nuclear markers. A relaxed molecular clock Bayesian analysis of the divergence times and reconstruction of ancestral habitats on the timetree suggest a Pangaean origin and Mesozoic radiation of otophysans. Conclusions The present timetree demonstrates that survival of the ancestral lineages through the two consecutive mass extinctions on Pangaea, and subsequent radiations during the Jurassic through early Cretaceous shaped the modern familial diversity of otophysans. This evolutionary scenario is consistent with recent arguments based on biogeographic inferences and molecular divergence time estimates. No fossil otophysan, however, has been recorded before the Albian, the early Cretaceous 100-112 Ma, creating an over 100 million year time span without fossil evidence. This formidable ghost range partially reflects a genuine difference between the estimated ages of stem group origin (molecular divergence time) and crown group morphological diversification (fossil divergence time); the ghost range, however, would be filled with discoveries of older fossils that can be used as more reasonable time constraints as well as with developments of more realistic models that capture the rates of molecular sequences accurately.

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Donald James Colgan: Role: Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE

Journal ID (publisher-id): plos

Journal ID (pmc): plosone

Title: PLoS ONE

Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )

ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203

Publication date Collection: 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 5 September 2013

Volume: 8

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: e73713

Affiliations

[1 ]Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil

[2 ]Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil

[3 ]Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

[4 ]Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Peixes Continentais, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil

Australian Museum, Australia

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* E-mail: edapadriano@ 123456gmail.com

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Conceived and designed the experiments: MMC EAA PSC MRMS AAMM. Performed the experiments: MMC EAA MRMS. Analyzed the data: MMC EAA MRMS AAMM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EAA PSC AAMM. Wrote the paper: MMC EAA.

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Publisher ID: PONE-D-12-29185

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073713

PMC ID: 3764033

PubMed ID: 24040037

SO-VID: a3cc5293-0474-4c21-8c61-f0c509629df7

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 24 September 2012

Date accepted : 4 July 2013

Page count

Pages: 12

Funding

This study was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP (Proc. n° 06/59075-6) and by the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Peixes Continentais of the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. MMC was supported by a master’s scholarship from FAPESP (Proc. n° 2009/03320-0). Research productivity grant from the Brazilian Fostering Agency CNPq (Proc. n° 477658/2010-5) to EAA. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Molecular Phylogeny of the Myxobolus and Henneguya Genera with Several New South American Species

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Most cited references 37

TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers.

Incomplete taxon sampling is not a problem for phylogenetic inference.

Evolutionary history of Otophysi (Teleostei), a major clade of the modern freshwater fishes: Pangaean origin and Mesozoic radiation

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