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      The impact of multidrug therapy on the epidemiological pattern of leprosy in Juiz de Fora, Brazil Translated title: O impacto da poliquimioterapia no perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em Juiz de Fora, Brasil

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          Abstract

          We investigated the impact of multidrug therapy (MDT) on the epidemiological pattern of leprosy in Juiz de Fora, Brazil, from 1978 to 1995. Evaluation of 1,283 medical charts was performed according to the treatment regimen used in two different periods. Following the introduction of MDT in 1987, prevalence of leprosy decreased from 22 patients/10,000 inhabitants to 5.2 patients/10,000 inhabitants in 1995. Incidence rate of leprosy was lower in period II (1987-1995) than in period I (1978-1986). Decreasing prevalence and incidence appear to be related to drug efficacy rather than decreased case identification, since both self-referred and professionally referred treatment increased markedly from period I to period II. For both periods, multibacillary leprosy was the most frequent clinical form of the disease (±68%), and the main infection risk factor identified was household contact. Leprosy is predominantly manifested in adults, but an increase in the number of very old and very young patients was observed in period II. The MDT program has been effective both in combating leprosy and in promoting awareness of the disease.

          Translated abstract

          Investigamos o impacto da poliquimioterapia (PQT) no perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em Juiz de Fora, Brasil, de 1978 a 1995. Fizemos uma avaliação de 1.283 prontuários, de acordo com o esquema terapêutico adotado em dois diferentes períodos. Desde a introdução da PQT, em 1987, a prevalência da hanseníase caiu de 22 pacientes/dez mil habitantes para 5,2 pacientes/dez mil habitantes em 1995. A incidência da doença foi menor no período II (1987-1995) em comparação ao período I (1978-1986). A diminuição da prevalência e da incidência está mais relacionada à eficácia das drogas que a uma queda na identificação da infecção, já que tanto a procura espontânea quanto os encaminhamentos aumentaram significativamente do período I para o período II. Em ambos os períodos, a forma clínica mais freqüente foi a multibacilar (±68%), e o contato intradomicilicar foi o maior fator de risco conhecido associado à infecção. Um aumento de pacientes muito velhos ou muito novos foi observado no período II. Os resultados indicam que o esquema PQT tem sido eficaz no combate à hanseníase e tem aumentado a conscientização e o conhecimento da doença.

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          Susceptibility to Leprosy Is Linked to the HumanNRAMP1Gene

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            Trends in leprosy case detection rates.

            A systematic review of the trends in leprosy incidence is lacking. The question of whether leprosy transmission has declined remains, therefore, unanswered. This study investigates trends in new case detection rates (NCDRs) in selected leprosy-endemic areas from different continents. A literature search using specific inclusion criteria was performed. Average annual rates of change in NCDRs were obtained by exponential curve fitting. The variation in trends within individual areas was investigated using direct and indirect information on leprosy control activities. This review covers 16 areas in the Pacific, Asia, Africa and Latin America. For 10 out of the 16 areas, the trend was seen to be declining consistently over the last 10 years or longer. Near stabilization or stabilization after decline was observed for two areas. For three areas, interpretation of recent NCDRs was difficult due to changes in control, but two of them showed a decline over the study period. A consistently increasing trend was observed over the last 20 years in the one remaining area. The observed downward trends could not be attributed to reduced control activities or changed diagnostic criteria. A general acceleration of downward trends in the NCDR after the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT) has not so far occurred. Our main conclusion is that despite many differences between the studies and study areas, the review demonstrates a considerable tendency of downward NCDR trends. Lack of information and changing control conditions necessitate caution in interpreting NCDR trends in individual areas. A general impact of MDT on NCDR trends is so far not visible. The coming years will be crucial for MDT-based control to prove its ability to reduce leprosy incidence.
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              Variants of HLA-DR2/DR51 group haplotypes and susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis in Asian Indians.

              This study reports our observations on the correlation between HLA-DR2 subtypes and their DR-DQ haplotypes in patients with tuberculoid (TT) leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). DRB1*1501 was significantly increased in patients with PTB (90%) as compared to controls (p < 0.05); whereas the prevalence of DRB1*1502 was significantly increased in patients with TT leprosy (p < 0.05), suggesting allele-specific binding of the pathogen to form disease-causing motifs to the T-cell receptor. Among DR2-DQ haplotypes, the deviation was noted in the distribution of unique and common haplotypes in patients with TT leprosy and PTB. A significant decrease of haplotype DRB1*1501-DRB5*0101-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0502 in TT leprosy and a significant increase of DRB1*1501-DRB5*0101-DQA1*0103-DQB1*0601 in PTB patients were observed. The occurrence of specific DR2 subtypes and their haplotypes in the two disease groups suggests their involvement in disease pathogenesis.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                June 2000
                : 16
                : 2
                : 343-350
                Affiliations
                [03] Juiz de Fora MG orgnameDiretoria Regional de Saúde de Juiz de Fora orgdiv1Coordenação Regional de Hanseníase Brasil
                [02] Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Medicina Preventiva e Social Brazil
                [01] Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Juiz de Fora orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2000000200005 S0102-311X(00)01600205
                10.1590/S0102-311X2000000200005
                a415ee9d-04fa-4367-a6d7-fb2c89b97dbe

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Public Health

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                Categories
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                Hanseníase,Quimioterapia Combinada,Prevalência,Epidemiologia,Leprosy,Combination Drug Therapy,Prevalence,Epidemiology

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