Increased risk of critical CBF levels in SAH patients with actual CPP below calculated optimal CPP

Abstract

Background

Cerebral pressure autoregulation can be quantified with the pressure reactivity index (PRx), based on the correlation between blood pressure and intracranial pressure. Using PRx optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPopt) can be calculated, i.e., the level of CPP where autoregulation functions best. The relation between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CPPopt has not been examined. The objective was to assess to which extent CPPopt can be calculated in SAH patients and to investigate CPPopt in relation to CBF.

Methods

Retrospective study of prospectively collected data. CBF was measured bedside with Xenon-enhanced CT (Xe-CT). The difference between actual CPP and CPPopt was calculated (CPP∆). Correlations between CPP∆ and CBF parameters were calculated with Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient (rho). Separate calculations were done using all patients (day 0–14 after onset) as well as in two subgroups (day 0–3 and day 4–14).

Results

Eighty-two patients with 145 Xe-CT scans were studied. Automated calculation of CPPopt was possible in adjunct to 60% of the Xe-CT scans. Actual CPP < CPPopt was associated with higher numbers of low-flow regions (CBF <10 ml/100 g/min) in both the early phase (day 0–3, n = 39, Spearman’s rho = −0.38, p = 0.02) and late acute phase of the disease (day 4–14, n = 35, Spearman’s rho = −0.39, p = 0.02). CPP level per se was not associated with CBF.

Conclusions

Calculation of CPPopt is possible in a majority of patients with severe SAH. Actual CPP below CPPopt is associated with low CBF.