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      Prevalence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in 9–12-year-old children

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          To estimate the prevalence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in children aged 9–12 years in Flanders, as well as to explore the associations with hearing abilities and listening behaviours.

          Design

          A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in four different Flemish schools. The questionnaire was distributed among 415 children, with a response rate of 97.3%.

          Results

          The prevalence of permanent tinnitus was 10.5% and of hyperacusis was 3.3%. The hyperacusis prevalence was higher in girls ( p < .05). Some children reported effects of tinnitus in terms of anxiety (20.1%), sleep (36.5%), and concentration (24.8%). When listening to personal listening devices, 33.5% of the children reported to listen for at least 1 h at 60% or higher of the volume range. Moreover, 54.9% of children stated to never wear hearing protection.

          Conclusions

          Tinnitus and hyperacusis are prevalent in children aged 9–12 years. Some of these children might be overlooked and, as such, not receiving the required follow-up or counselling. Development of guidelines for the assessment of these auditory symptoms in children would help to determine the prevalence numbers with greater accuracy. Sensibility campaigns for safe listening are warranted, as more than half of the children never use hearing protection.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00405-023-07995-x.

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          Most cited references30

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          Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of generation and perception.

          Pawel J Jastreboff (1990)
          Phantom auditory perception--tinnitus--is a symptom of many pathologies. Although there are a number of theories postulating certain mechanisms of its generation, none have been proven yet. This paper analyses the phenomenon of tinnitus from the point of view of general neurophysiology. Existing theories and their extrapolation are presented, together with some new potential mechanisms of tinnitus generation, encompassing the involvement of calcium and calcium channels in cochlear function, with implications for malfunction and aging of the auditory and vestibular systems. It is hypothesized that most tinnitus results from the perception of abnormal activity, defined as activity which cannot be induced by any combination of external sounds. Moreover, it is hypothesized that signal recognition and classification circuits, working on holographic or neuronal network-like representation, are involved in the perception of tinnitus and are subject to plastic modification. Furthermore, it is proposed that all levels of the nervous system, to varying degrees, are involved in tinnitus manifestation. These concepts are used to unravel the inexplicable, unique features of tinnitus and its masking. Some clinical implications of these theories are suggested.
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            Tinnitus.

            David Baguley, Don McFerran, Deborah Hall (2013)
            Tinnitus is a common medical symptom that can be debilitating. Risk factors include hearing loss, ototoxic medication, head injury, and depression. At presentation, the possibilities of otological disease, anxiety, and depression should be considered. No effective drug treatments are available, although much research is underway into mechanisms and possible treatments. Surgical intervention for any otological pathology associated with tinnitus might be effective for that condition, but the tinnitus can persist. Available treatments include hearing aids when hearing loss is identified (even mild or unilateral), wide-band sound therapy, and counselling. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is indicated for some patients, but availability of tinnitus-specific CBT in the UK is poor. The evidence base is strongest for a combination of sound therapy and CBT-based counselling, although clinical trials are constrained by the heterogeneity of patients with tinnitus. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Is Open Access

              A systematic review of the reporting of tinnitus prevalence and severity.

              Abby McCormack, Mark Edmondson-Jones, Sarah Somerset … (2016)
              There is no standard diagnostic criterion for tinnitus, although some clinical assessment instruments do exist for identifying patient complaints. Within epidemiological studies the presence of tinnitus is determined primarily by self-report, typically in response to a single question. Using these methods prevalence figures vary widely. Given the variety of published estimates worldwide, we assessed and collated published prevalence estimates of tinnitus and tinnitus severity, creating a narrative synthesis of the data. The variability between prevalence estimates was investigated in order to determine any barriers to data synthesis and to identify reasons for heterogeneity.
              Article 0 comments Cited 178 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Laure Jacquemin:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-9386
                laure.jacquemin@uza.be
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
                Title: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
                Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                ISSN (Print): 0937-4477
                ISSN (Electronic): 1434-4726
                Publication date (Electronic): 3 May 2023
                Pages: 1-7
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.5284.b, ISNI 0000 0001 0790 3681, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, , University of Antwerp, ; Antwerp, Belgium
                [2 ]GRID grid.411414.5, ISNI 0000 0004 0626 3418, University Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, , Antwerp University Hospital, ; Edegem, Belgium
                [3 ]GRID grid.5284.b, ISNI 0000 0001 0790 3681, Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, , University of Antwerp, ; Antwerp, Belgium
                [4 ]GRID grid.412437.7, ISNI 0000 0000 9709 6627, Audiology, , University College Ghent, ; Ghent, Belgium
                [5 ]GRID grid.412437.7, ISNI 0000 0000 9709 6627, Department of Education, Health and Social Work, , University College Ghent, ; Ghent, Belgium
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-9386
                Article
                Publisher ID: 7995
                DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07995-x
                PMC ID: 10155651
                PubMed ID: 37133498
                SO-VID: a50e1c4e-f2de-432b-b452-cf859033614d
                Copyright © © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
                License:

                This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

                History
                Date received : 29 October 2022
                Date accepted : 24 April 2023
                Categories
                Subject: Otology

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Otolaryngology
                Keywords: tinnitus,hyperacusis,prevalence,children,safe listening,noise exposure
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Otolaryngology
                Keywords: tinnitus, hyperacusis, prevalence, children, safe listening, noise exposure

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