Questionnaire to assess adherence to diet and exercise advices for weight management in lifestyle-related diseases

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Abstract

Background:

Lifestyle-related diseases have assumed significant public health problem across the globe including developing nations. High rate of nonadherence to treatment poses challenges to family physicians in its treatment.

Objective:

To develop a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessment of adherence to lifestyle modification advices.

Materials and Methods:

The questionnaire was developed following a systematic, scientifically accepted methodology which included literature review, focused group discussions, detailed interviews, and expert evaluation. Comprehensibility, replicability, face validity, content validity, patient acceptance, and ease of usage of the questionnaire were analyzed. Five-point Likert scale was employed as response options. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency of overall questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey was then performed on 100 obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease to validate the questionnaire.

Results:

The developed questionnaire consists of 14 questions under two domains, 12 items under diet and 2 items under the physical activity domain. Each of these questions is on a 5-point Likert scale. The tool has shown satisfactory validity. It also has adequate reliability and internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.9.

Conclusion:

It is a valid and reliable tool which can be used in clinical practice to assess adherence to lifestyle modification advices by family physicians.

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Most cited references 13

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Eight-Year Weight Losses with an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention: The Look AHEAD Study

(2014)

Objective To evaluate 8-year weight losses achieved with intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study. Design and Methods Look AHEAD assessed the effects of intentional weight loss on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in 5,145 overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes, randomly assigned to ILI or usual care (i.e., diabetes support and education [DSE]). The ILI provided comprehensive behavioral weight loss counseling over 8 years; DSE participants received periodic group education only. Results All participants had the opportunity to complete 8 years of intervention before Look AHEAD was halted in September 2012; ≥88% of both groups completed the 8-year outcomes assessment. ILI and DSE participants lost (mean±SE) 4.7±0.2% and 2.1±0.2% of initial weight, respectively (p<0.001) at year 8; 50.3% and 35.7%, respectively, lost ≥5% (p<0.001), and 26.9% and 17.2%, respectively, lost ≥10% (p<0.001). Across the 8 years ILI participants, compared with DSE, reported greater practice of several key weight-control behaviors. These behaviors also distinguished ILI participants who lost ≥10% and kept it off from those who lost but regained. Conclusions Look AHEAD’s ILI produced clinically meaningful weight loss (≥5%) at year 8 in 50% of patients with type 2 diabetes and can be used to manage other obesity-related co-morbid conditions. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00017953

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Adherence to a Mediterranean-Style Diet and Effects on Cognition in Adults: A Qualitative Evaluation and Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Prospective Trials

Roy J. Hardman, Greg Kennedy, Helen Macpherson … (2016)

The Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet) involves substantial intake of fruits, vegetables, and fish, and a lower consumption of dairy, red meat, and sugars. Over the past 15 years, much empirical evidence supports the suggestion that a MedDiet may be beneficial with respect to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and dementia. A number of cross-sectional studies that have examined the impact of MedDiet on cognition have yielded largely positive results. The objective of this review is to evaluate longitudinal and prospective trials to gain an understanding of how a MedDiet may impact cognitive processes over time. The included studies were aimed at improving cognition or minimizing of cognitive decline. Studies reviewed included assessments of dietary status using either a food frequency questionnaire or a food diary assessment. Eighteen articles meeting our inclusion criteria were subjected to systematic review. These revealed that higher adherence to a MedDiet is associated with slower rates of cognitive decline, reduced conversion to Alzheimer’s disease, and improvements in cognitive function. The specific cognitive domains that were found to benefit with improved Mediterranean Diet Score were memory (delayed recognition, long-term, and working memory), executive function, and visual constructs. The current review has also considered a number of methodological issues in making recommendations for future research. The utilization of a dietary pattern, such as the MedDiet, will be essential as part of the armamentarium to maintain quality of life and reduce the potential social and economic burden of dementia.

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Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practice of type 2 diabetes among patients of Saurashtra region, Gujarat

Viral Shah, P. Kamdar, Nishit Shah (2009)

As India will ranks first in diabetes now and will continue to do so in 2025, we must prevent the disease by various measures. Before setting the programmes, we should have ample data on the population's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of diabetes. There are some epidemiological studies from southern India, Mumbai and north India, but there is no KAP study from Gujarat. The study was conducted between the period of June 2007 to November 2007 at three centers of Saurashtra region. Out of 300 patients who were given questionnaire, 238 patients were included for the analysis, rest were excluded due to various reasons. 52% were male. Mean age of patients was 55.82±10.2 years (95% CI 54.5-57.1) with mean weight of 64.52±10.96 Kg (95% CI 62.8-66.2). Mean duration of diabetes was 8.2±6.8 years (95% CI 7.2-9.1). 46% of patients knew the pathophysiology of diabetes. Nearly 50% knew the complications of diabetes. Dietary modifications were relied more than exercises among the interviewed subjects. Most of the lacunae in knowledge prevailed in drug therapy of diabetes. Insulin was not favored by most of patients. An encouraging finding in our study was that most believed in self-care and ready to change. Consultation time given by their treating doctors was less than 5 minutes in nearly 50%. Foot care and education to prevent complications were least suggested by doctors.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Family Med Prim Care

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Family Med Prim Care

Journal ID (publisher-id): JFMPC

Title: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )

ISSN (Print): 2249-4863

ISSN (Electronic): 2278-7135

Publication date (Print): February 2019

Volume: 8

Issue: 2

Pages: 689-694

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India

[2 ] Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India

[3 ] Department of Biostatistics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India

[4 ] Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, AIIMS, New Delhi, India

[5 ] National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, India

Author notes

Address for correspondence: Dr. Piyush Ranjan, Department of Medicine Teaching Block, Room Number 3097, 3rd Floor, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110 029, India. E-mail: drpiyushaiims@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: JFMPC-8-689

DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_338_18

PMC ID: 6436250

SO-VID: a57afe63-6763-4cef-905c-5b49b1643638

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This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Questionnaire to assess adherence to diet and exercise advices for weight management in lifestyle-related diseases

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Abstract

Background:

Objective:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

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Karger: Nutrition and Dietetics

Most cited references 13

Eight-Year Weight Losses with an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention: The Look AHEAD Study

Adherence to a Mediterranean-Style Diet and Effects on Cognition in Adults: A Qualitative Evaluation and Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Prospective Trials

Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practice of type 2 diabetes among patients of Saurashtra region, Gujarat

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