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      Habilidades cognitivas que predizem competência de leitura e escrita Translated title: Cognitive skills that predict competencies in reading and spelling

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          Abstract

          Para identificar habilidades cognitivas capazes de predizer desempenhos ulteriores em leitura e escrita, 54 crianças de pré-escola e de 1ª. série foram avaliadas em vocabulário, consciência fonológica, seqüenciamento, memória fonológica, memória visual, cópia de figuras, aritmética e qualidade da escrita; e, dez meses depois, em leitura e escrita. Análises de regressão para verificar quais habilidades melhor predizem leitura e escrita identificaram as seguintes boas preditoras: aritmética, memória fonológica, vocabulário, consciência fonológica e seqüenciamento. Não houve correlação significativa de leitura e escrita com habilidades de processamento visual ou motor, exceto entre escrita e memória visual. O estudo corroborou a hipótese do déficit fonológico e forneceu validação preliminar de instrumentos e diretrizes para detectar crianças em risco, o que possibilita intervenção precoce eficaz.

          Translated abstract

          To identify cognitive skills capable of predicting subsequent reading and spelling performances, 54 preschoolers and first graders participated in two series of assessments. The first included receptive vocabulary, phonological awareness, sequencing, phonological memory, visual memory, picture copying, arithmetic, and writing quality. The second, 10 months later, assessed reading and spelling. Regression analyses identified these predictors: arithmetic, phonological memory, receptive vocabulary, phonological awareness and sequencing. No significant correlation was found between visual or motor skills and reading or spelling, except for a positive correlation between spelling and visual memory. This study supported the phonological deficit hypothesis, and established the preliminary validity of instruments for identifying children at risk of subsequent reading and spelling acquisition difficulties, thus allowing for effective early intervention.

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          Most cited references37

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          Short- and long-term effects of training phonological awareness in kindergarten: evidence from two German studies.

          Two training studies replicated and extended a Scandinavian study by Lundberg, Frost, and Petersen (1988). In Study 1, a 6-month metalinguistic training program was given to kindergartners (mean age: 5 years 7 months) who were later compared to a control group in the regular kindergarten program. Tests of phonological awareness and other metalinguistic and cognitive variables were given before and after training; a metalinguistic transfer test was given after training. Reading and spelling skills were assessed at the end of Grades 1 and 2, respectively. The training program was improved and monitored more closely in Study 2. Both studies revealed short- and long-term effects, consistent with Lundberg et al. (1988) and extending findings from Anglo-American and Scandinavian populations to German children. Copyright 1997 Academic Press.
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            Individual difference variables that predict response to training in phonological awareness.

            The cognitive abilities that predicted growth in response to a 12-week training program in phonological awareness were investigated with a sample of 100 kindergarten children. The children were selected from two elementary schools with historically low achievement in reading. Sixty children received training in both analytic and synthetic awareness skills, and 40 children constituted a no-treatment control group. Pretest measures included assessment of phonological awareness, phonological memory and naming rate, letter knowledge, reading and spelling, and general verbal ability. Growth in phonological awareness was assessed during the middle and at the end of the training period. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to estimate individual growth curves in phonological awareness for children in both the treatment and control groups. Initial comparisons between children in the two groups indicated substantial overall training effects in phonological awareness for children in the treatment group. For children in the training group, the model that best predicted growth in analytic awareness included invented spelling and general verbal ability, while growth in synthetic awareness was predicted best by a combination of invented spelling and rapid automatic naming of digits.
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              Alfabetização: Método fônico

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ptp
                Psicologia: teoria e prática
                Psicol. teor. prat.
                Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (São Paulo )
                1516-3687
                December 2004
                : 6
                : 2
                : 13-26
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade São Francisco
                [2 ] Universidade de Santo Amaro
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo
                Article
                S1516-36872004000200002
                a5909bf0-65ed-40e8-aff4-cc15715022ab

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                reading,spelling,phonological processing,literacy,leitura,escrita,processamento fonológico,alfabetização

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