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      Altitudinal genetic variation among Pinus pseudostrobus populations from Michoacán, México: Two location shadehouse test results Translated title: Variación genética altitudinal entre poblaciones de Pinus pseudostrobus de Michoacán, México: Resultados de ensayo en casas de sombra en dos localidades

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          Abstract

          Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. is the forest species most important economically in the state of Michoacán, at central-west México. We investigated genetic variation among P. pseudostrobus populations along an altitudinal gradient in the native indian community of Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán, México. Cones were collected from eight populations at 100 m of altitudinal intervals between 2200 m and 2900 m. Seedlings were grown for approximately two years in two shadehouse environments at Morelia, Michoacán, México and at Moscow, Idaho, USA. Total height was periodically measured during the second growing season to estimate a series of growth indexes for both locations, and dry weights were obtained only for the Morelia test. For the Moscow test there were significant differences (P < 0.05) among populations for cessation of growth, duration of the growth period, and final height. For the Morelia tests there were differences among populations for foliage, shoot and total dry weight (P < 0.025), and significant differences for stem dry weight at P = 0.055 level. There was a strong altitudinal cline for dry weight variables, with seedlings originated from populations from the lowest altitudes having more biomass (r² = 0.80, P = 0.003). Populations separated altitudinally by about 295 m are likely to be genetically different. We suggest delineation of three altitudinal seed zones (Zone I: 2100 m to 2400 m; Zone II: 2400 m to 2700 m; Zone III: 2700 m to 3000 m), that can be translated into climatic zones delimited according to mean annual temperatures or by degree days > 5 °C. To accommodate climate change we suggest implementing assisted migration programs by transferring populations 300 m upwards to maintain adaptiveness of populations for future climates.

          Translated abstract

          Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. es la especie forestal económicamente más importante en el Estado de Michoacán, al centro-oeste de México. Se investigó la variación genética entre poblaciones de P. pseudostrobus a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en los bosques de la comunidad indígena de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán, México. Se colectaron conos de ocho poblaciones a intervalos altitudinales de 100 m, entre 2200 m y 2900 m. Las plantas se crecieron por aproximadamente dos años en dos diferentes ambientes de casas de sombra: en Morelia, Michoacán, México y en Moscow, Idaho, USA. La altura total se midió periódicamente durante la segunda estación de crecimiento para estimar una serie de índices de crecimiento para ambas localidades, y en Morelia se estimaron variables de peso seco. En el ensayo de Moscow hubo diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) entre poblaciones para terminación, duración del período de crecimiento y para altura final. En el ensayo de Morelia hubo diferencias significativas entre poblaciones para peso seco de follaje, parte aérea y total (P < 0.025), y para peso seco del tallo al nivel de P = 0.055. Existió un fuerte patrón clinal altitudinal para las variables de peso seco, en donde las plantas originadas de poblaciones de la menor altitud tuvieron mayores valores de biomasa (r² = 0.80, P = 0.003). Es probable que las poblaciones separadas por 295 m de diferencia altitudinal sean genéticamente diferentes. Aquí se propone la delimitación de tres zonas altitudinales (Zona I: 2100 m a 2400 m; Zona II: 2400 m a 2700 m; Zona III: 2700 m a 3000 m), que se pueden convertir en zonas climáticas delimitadas por temperatura media anual o grados día > 5 °C. Para dar cabida al cambio climático, se sugiere implementar programas de migración asistida para transferir poblaciones hacia arriba (300 m), como una medida de adaptación de las poblaciones a los climas futuros.

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          A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests

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            Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought.

            Future drought is projected to occur under warmer temperature conditions as climate change progresses, referred to here as global-change-type drought, yet quantitative assessments of the triggers and potential extent of drought-induced vegetation die-off remain pivotal uncertainties in assessing climate-change impacts. Of particular concern is regional-scale mortality of overstory trees, which rapidly alters ecosystem type, associated ecosystem properties, and land surface conditions for decades. Here, we quantify regional-scale vegetation die-off across southwestern North American woodlands in 2002-2003 in response to drought and associated bark beetle infestations. At an intensively studied site within the region, we quantified that after 15 months of depleted soil water content, >90% of the dominant, overstory tree species (Pinus edulis, a piñon) died. The die-off was reflected in changes in a remotely sensed index of vegetation greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), not only at the intensively studied site but also across the region, extending over 12,000 km2 or more; aerial and field surveys confirmed the general extent of the die-off. Notably, the recent drought was warmer than the previous subcontinental drought of the 1950s. The limited, available observations suggest that die-off from the recent drought was more extensive than that from the previous drought, extending into wetter sites within the tree species' distribution. Our results quantify a trigger leading to rapid, drought-induced die-off of overstory woody plants at subcontinental scale and highlight the potential for such die-off to be more severe and extensive for future global-change-type drought under warmer conditions.
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              Growth and dieback of aspen forests in northwestern Alberta, Canada, in relation to climate and insects

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rfm
                Revista fitotecnia mexicana
                Rev. fitotec. mex
                Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética A.C. (Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0187-7380
                June 2012
                : 35
                : 2
                : 111-121
                Affiliations
                [03] Morelia Michoacán orgnameUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo orgdiv1Facultad de Biología México
                [04] Texcoco Estado de México orgnameColegio de Postgraduados México
                [01] Tarímbaro Michoacán orgnameUniversidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo orgdiv1Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales México (csaenzromero@ 123456gmail.com)
                [02] Idaho orgnameUnited States Departament of Agriculture Forest Service orgdiv1Mountain Research Station orgdiv2Forestry Sciences Laboratory USA
                [05] Baja California orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Baja California orgdiv1Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas México
                Article
                S0187-73802012000200003 S0187-7380(12)03500200003
                10.35196/rfm.2012.2.111
                a6c5d8d8-8cda-4f9c-a307-58b3bb5ad2fa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 October 2010
                : 18 April 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Scientific articles

                Pinus pseudostrobus,zonificación altitudinal de semillas,variación genética altitudinal,altitudinal seed zoning,altitudinal genetic variation,climatic change,assisted migration,migración asistida,cambio climático

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