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      Search for \(CP\) Violation in Neutrino and Antineutrino Oscillations by the T2K Experiment with \(2.2\times {10}^{21}\) Protons on Target

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      Physical Review Letters
      American Physical Society (APS)

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          A Unified Approach to the Classical Statistical Analysis of Small Signals

          We give a classical confidence belt construction which unifies the treatment of upper confidence limits for null results and two-sided confidence intervals for non-null results. The unified treatment solves a problem (apparently not previously recognized) that the choice of upper limit or two-sided intervals leads to intervals which are not confidence intervals if the choice is based on the data. We apply the construction to two related problems which have recently been a battle-ground between classical and Bayesian statistics: Poisson processes with background, and Gaussian errors with a bounded physical region. In contrast with the usual classical construction for upper limits, our construction avoids unphysical confidence intervals. In contrast with some popular Bayesian intervals, our intervals eliminate conservatism (frequentist coverage greater than the stated confidence) in the Gaussian case and reduce it to a level dictated by discreteness in the Poisson case. We generalize the method in order to apply it to analysis of experiments searching for neutrino oscillations. We show that this technique both gives correct coverage and is powerful, while other classical techniques that have been used by neutrino oscillation search experiments fail one or both of these criteria.
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            Evidence for oscillation of atmospheric neutrinos

            We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33.0 kiloton-year (535-day) exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector. The data exhibit a zenith angle dependent deficit of muon neutrinos which is inconsistent with expectations based on calculations of the atmospheric neutrino flux. Experimental biases and uncertainties in the prediction of neutrino fluxes and cross sections are unable to explain our observation. The data are consistent, however, with two-flavor nu_mu nu_tau oscillations with sin^2(2theta)>0.82 and 5x10^-4 < delta m^2 < 6x10^-3 eV^2 at 90% confidence level.
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              Matter effects on three-neutrino oscillations

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PRLTAO
                Physical Review Letters
                Phys. Rev. Lett.
                American Physical Society (APS)
                0031-9007
                1079-7114
                October 2018
                October 24 2018
                : 121
                : 17
                Article
                10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.171802
                a7c842bd-6144-45f8-861b-420e0e23b770
                © 2018

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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