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      SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SEVERE OBESITY IN TEENS: LATE RESULTS Translated title: Tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade severa em adolescentes: resultados tardios

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          Abstract

          Background

          : In children is estimated that the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased up to five times in developed countries and up to four in developing countries. In Brazil, the proportion of children and adolescents who are overweight also increased from approximately 4.1% to 13.9%.

          Aim :

          To evaluate the surgical results of severe obesity in adolescents.

          Methods

          : Retrospective descriptive study of 2737 patients with severe obesity that underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass selecting from the total 44 patients with mean age of 18.1 years, 14 males and 30 females, most (37) operated by laparotomy. There was follow-up of 20 patients (45.45%). All were followed preoperatively by a multidisciplinary team and had indication confirmed for surgical unanimous approval of all team members.

          Results

          : Among the 20 adolescent, 14 were female. From five teenagers using anti-hypertension or hypoglycemic drugs before surgery, four (80%) had drug discontinuation and one (20%) reduced the dose in 50% postoperatively. The average weight loss was 45.4 kg after a mean follow up of 60 months. There were no deaths or severe postoperative complications. Among those who underwent postoperative follow-up with a multidisciplinary team, 18 were with BMI<30.

          Conclusions

          : Adolescents undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has good response in relation to weight loss and improvement of comorbidities. There was a low rate of complications and no deaths. All patients were satisfied with their personal results.

          Translated abstract

          Racional:

          Em crianças estima-se que a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade aumentou até cinco vezes nos países desenvolvidos e até quatro naqueles em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, a proporção de crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso também cresceu de aproximadamente 4,1% para 13,9%.

          Objetivo

          : Avaliar os resultados cirúrgicos da obesidade severa em pacientes adolescentes.

          Métodos

          : Estudo retrospectivo e descritivo de 2737 pacientes portadores de obesidade severa e submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux selecionando deles 44 com idade média de 18,1 anos. Houve seguimento ambulatorial de 20 pacientes (45,45%). Todos foram acompanhados pré-operatoriamente por equipe multidisciplinar e tiveram sua indicação cirúrgica confirmada após a aprovação unânime de todos os membros da equipe.

          Resultados

          : Entre os 20 pacientes adolescentes 14 eram mulheres. Cinco do adolescentes em uso de anti-hipertensivos ou hipoglicemiantes antes da operação, quatro (80%) tiveram a suspensão da medicação e um (20%) reduziu a dose em 50% no pós-operatório. A média de perda ponderal foi de 45,4 kg após seguimento médio de 60 meses. Não houve mortalidade no grupo estudado nem complicações operatórias graves. Entre os que realizaram o acompanhamento pós-operatório com equipe multidisciplinar, 18 ficaram com IMC<30.

          Conclusões

          : Adolescentes submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux tiveram boa resposta em relação à perda de peso e melhora das comorbidades. Apresentaram baixa taxa de complicações e nenhum óbito. Todos ficaram satisfeitos com os resultados.

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          Most cited references28

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          Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents in the United States, Brazil, China, and Russia.

          Few studies have used the same references across countries to examine the trends of over- and underweight in older children and adolescents. Using international references, we examined the trends of overweight and underweight in young persons aged 6-18 y from 4 countries. Nationally representative data from Brazil (1975 and 1997), Russia (1992 and 1998), and the United States (1971-1974 and 1988-1994) and nationwide survey data from China (1991 and 1997) were used. To define overweight, we used the sex- and age-specific body mass index cutoffs recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The sex- and age-specific body mass index fifth percentile from the first US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to define underweight. The prevalence of overweight increased during the study periods in Brazil (from 4.1 to 13.9), China (from 6.4 to 7.7), and the United States (from 15.4 to 25.6); underweight decreased in Brazil (from 14.8 to 8.6), China (from 14.5 to 13.1), and the United States (from 5.1 to 3.3). In Russia, overweight decreased (from 15.6 to 9.0) and underweight increased (from 6.9 to 8.1). The annual rates of increase in the prevalence of overweight were 0.5% (Brazil), 0.2% (China), -1.1% (Russia), and 0.6% (United States). The burden of nutritional problems is shifting from energy imbalance deficiency to excess among older children and adolescents in Brazil and China. The variations across countries may relate to changes and differences in key environmental factors.
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            NIH conference. Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity. Consensus Development Conference Panel.

            Surgeons, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, psychiatrists, nutritionists, and other health care professionals, as well as members of the public convened to address nonsurgical treatments for severe obesity, surgical treatments for severe obesity, and criteria for selection, the efficacy, and risks of surgical treatments for severe obesity, and the need for future research on and epidemiologic evaluation of these therapies. The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel recommended that patients seeking therapy for severe obesity for the first time should be considered for treatment in a nonsurgical program that integrates a dietary regimen, appropriate exercise, behavior modification, and psychological support; that gastric restrictive or bypass procedures could be considered for well-informed and motivated patients in whom the operative risks were acceptable; that patients who are candidates for surgical procedures should be selected carefully after evaluation by a multidisciplinary team with medical, surgical, psychiatric, and nutritional expertise; that surgery be done by a surgeon who has substantial experience in the particular procedure and who works in a clinical setting with adequate support for all aspects of management and assessment; and that patients undergo lifelong medical surveillance after surgery.
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              Bariatric surgery for severely overweight adolescents: concerns and recommendations.

              As the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related disease among adolescents in the United States continues to increase, physicians are increasingly faced with the dilemma of determining the best treatment strategies for affected patients. This report offers an approach for the evaluation of adolescent patients' candidacy for bariatric surgery. In addition to anthropometric measurements and comorbidity assessments, a number of unique factors must be critically assessed among overweight youths. In an effort to reduce the risk of adverse medical and psychosocial outcomes and increase compliance and follow-up monitoring after bariatric surgery, principles of adolescent growth and development, the decisional capacity of the patient, family structure, and barriers to adherence must be considered. Consideration for bariatric surgery is generally warranted only when adolescents have experienced failure of 6 months of organized weight loss attempts and have met certain anthropometric, medical, and psychologic criteria. Adolescent candidates for bariatric surgery should be very severely obese (defined by the World Health Organization as a body mass index of > or =40), have attained a majority of skeletal maturity (generally > or =13 years of age for girls and > or =15 years of age for boys), and have comorbidities related to obesity that might be remedied with durable weight loss. Potential candidates for bariatric surgery should be referred to centers with multidisciplinary weight management teams that have expertise in meeting the unique needs of overweight adolescents. Surgery should be performed in institutions that are equipped to meet the tertiary care needs of severely obese patients and to collect long-term data on the clinical outcomes of these patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                Arq Bras Cir Dig
                abcd
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva : ABCD
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgia Digestiva
                0102-6720
                2317-6326
                December 2015
                December 2015
                : 28
                : Suppl 1
                : 07-10
                Affiliations
                General Surgery Service at Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Clarissa Guedes Noronha E-mail: noronha.clarissa@ 123456gmail.com

                Conflicts of interest: none

                Article
                10.1590/S0102-6720201500S10004
                4795297
                26537264
                a80b3755-c945-4e55-a498-b0bfda228aad

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 15 April 2015
                : 06 July 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 4
                Categories
                Original Article

                obesity,adolescents,gastric bypass,bariatric surgery,complications

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