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      Fighting Hypoxia to Improve PDT

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          Abstract

          Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has drawn great interest in recent years mainly due to its low side effects and few drug resistances. Nevertheless, one of the issues of PDT is the need for oxygen to induce a photodynamic effect. Tumours often have low oxygen concentrations, related to the abnormal structure of the microvessels leading to an ineffective blood distribution. Moreover, PDT consumes O 2. In order to improve the oxygenation of tumour or decrease hypoxia, different strategies are developed and are described in this review: (1) The use of O 2 vehicle; (2) the modification of the tumour microenvironment (TME); (3) combining other therapies with PDT; (4) hypoxia-independent PDT; (5) hypoxia-dependent PDT and (6) fractional PDT.

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          Defining the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in cancer biology and therapeutics.

          G. L. Semenza (2010)
          Adaptation of cancer cells to their microenvironment is an important driving force in the clonal selection that leads to invasive and metastatic disease. O2 concentrations are markedly reduced in many human cancers compared with normal tissue, and a major mechanism mediating adaptive responses to reduced O2 availability (hypoxia) is the regulation of transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1 contributes to cancer progression, focusing on (1) clinical data associating increased HIF-1 levels with patient mortality; (2) preclinical data linking HIF-1 activity with tumor growth; (3) molecular data linking specific HIF-1 target gene products to critical aspects of cancer biology and (4) pharmacological data showing anticancer effects of HIF-1 inhibitors in mouse models of human cancer.
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            Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles enhance reactive oxygen levels and tumour growth inhibition in photodynamic therapy

            Yuhao Cheng, Hao Cheng, Chenxiao Jiang … (2015)
            Photodynamic therapy (PDT) kills cancer cells by converting tumour oxygen into reactive singlet oxygen (1O2) using a photosensitizer. However, pre-existing hypoxia in tumours and oxygen consumption during PDT can result in an inadequate oxygen supply, which in turn hampers photodynamic efficacy. Here to overcome this problem, we create oxygen self-enriching photodynamic therapy (Oxy-PDT) by loading a photosensitizer into perfluorocarbon nanodroplets. Because of the higher oxygen capacity and longer 1O2 lifetime of perfluorocarbon, the photodynamic effect of the loaded photosensitizer is significantly enhanced, as demonstrated by the accelerated generation of 1O2 and elevated cytotoxicity. Following direct injection into tumours, in vivo studies reveal tumour growth inhibition in the Oxy-PDT-treated mice. In addition, a single-dose intravenous injection of Oxy-PDT into tumour-bearing mice significantly inhibits tumour growth, whereas traditional PDT has no effect. Oxy-PDT may enable the enhancement of existing clinical PDT and future PDT design.
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              Nanozyme Decorated Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy

              Yan Zhang, Xiaogang Qu, Jinsong Ren … (2018)
              Article 0 comments Cited 255 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): pharmaceuticals
                Title: Pharmaceuticals
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1424-8247
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 October 2019
                Publication date Collection: December 2019
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 163
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), UMR 7274, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; ludivine.larue@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (L.L.); albert.moussaron@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (A.M.); philippe.arnoux@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (P.A.); francis.baros@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (F.B.)
                [2 ]M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz State University, Taraz 080012, Kazakhstan; baur_86_86@ 123456mail.ru
                [3 ]Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire (LCPM), UMR 7375, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France; amina.ben-mihoub@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (A.B.-M.); regis.vanderesse@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (R.V.); samir.acherar@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr (S.A.)
                [4 ]Biologie, Signaux et Systèmes en Cancérologie et Neurosciences, CRAN, UMR 7039, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54000 Nancy, France; noemie.thomas@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: celine.frochot@ 123456univ-lorraine.fr ; Tel.: +33-3-72-74-37-80
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-7843
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8776-1632
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7659-3864
                Article
                Publisher ID: pharmaceuticals-12-00163
                DOI: 10.3390/ph12040163
                PMC ID: 6958374
                PubMed ID: 31671658
                SO-VID: a8114f7f-775a-48b2-ac01-e7f83b4a8970
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 30 September 2019
                Date accepted : 26 October 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: pdt,oxygen,hypoxia
                Data availability:
                Keywords: pdt, oxygen, hypoxia

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