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      Paraphenylene diamine poisoning

      case-report

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          Abstract

          The commonest constituent of all hair dyes is paraphenylene diamine (PPD) being used by the people to color their hair all over the world. Hair dye poisoning is emerging as one of the emerging causes of intentional self-poisoning to commit suicide. In this article, the importance of clinical manifestations and of hair dye poisoning is discussed due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Since there is no specific antidote for PPD poisoning, the early supportive treatment modalities are discussed.

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          Acute renal failure owing to paraphenylene diamine hair dye poisoning in Sudanese children.

          Shirin Hassan, A Hajj, Kamal Mohamed … (2009)
          Paraphenylene diamine (PPD) has traditionally been used as a dark-coloured hair dye. In Sudan, it is used by women to colour their hair and as a body dye when added to henna (Lawasonia alba). Accidental or deliberate ingestion causes severe systemic toxicity. Although a wide variety of complications has been described, there are few reports in children. To describe the clinical features, management and outcome of PPD intoxication in Sudanese children. Data for a 3-year period (2006-2008) were extracted from the medical records of the Paediatric Nephrology Unit, Soba University Hospital. Information included the circumstances of poisoning, gender, age distribution, clinical presentation, biochemical findings and outcome. Over the 3-year period, 17 children (16 female) were admitted to the Paediatric Nephrology Unit with PPD intoxication. Mean age was 13.8 yrs (range 2-18). Thirteen (76.4%) had attempted suicide, three (17.6%) were poisoned as a result of attempted murder and one poisoning (5.8%) was accidental. Eight children (47%) required tracheostomy for severe angioneurotic oedema. Of 12 (71%) who developed acute renal failure (ARF), nine required dialysis and three were managed conservatively. Two children (12%) died and the other 15 recovered with normal renal function. PPD intoxication is a life-threatening condition with significant morbidity and mortality in children. Clinical manifestations and outcome are similar to those in adults. Mortality can be reduced by early recognition, prompt referral and aggressive supportive treatment.
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            Clinical profile of acute paraphenylenediamine intoxication in Egypt.

            Mostafa E Abd Elwanis, K Elmasry, I Elkarim … (2010)
            Orientation to paraphenylenediamine (PPD) acute systemic intoxication in Egypt has been increased over the last decade. The aim of this study was to provide more insight into the clinical profile of acute PPD intoxication with reviewing the possible underlying mechanisms. Our study was retrospective. It was conducted over 7 years (2001-2008) on 25 cases with acute PPD intoxication admitted to the Poison Control Center Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. The mean age of the cases was 35.34 +/- 10.5 years; the male to female ratio was 18:7. Cervicofacial and laryngeal edema was the dominating presenting manifestation in 72% of the cases, 100% of the cases developed rhabdomyolysis, 80% had impaired renal functions, elevated liver transaminases were detected in 76% of cases, 75% showed hyperkalemia and 16% died due to ventricular arrhythmia. In conclusion, PPD causes serious multisystem toxicity and its selling to the public should be officially restricted.
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              Acute poisoning from hair dye.

              S. Khalil, Jacqueline Hind, H Yagi (1991)
              A series of 18 cases of acute hair dye (paraphenylenediamine) poisoning were reported. The characteristic features of swollen face and the chocolate brown colour of the urine were diagnostic. Asphyxia was found to be the major early challenge of life. Tracheostomy and intensive medical treatment with hydrocortisone and chlorpheniramine maleate (antihistaminic drug) and penicillin cover were life saving in all serious cases. The mild cases were successfully treated with hydrocortisone and chlorpheniramine maleate and penicillin without tracheostomy. The dye was detected in the urine by thin layer chromatography on silica gel and proved to be paraphenylenediamine. Early prompt diagnosis and clinical management proved to be life saving in both serious or mild hair dye poisoning.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nat Sci Biol Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nat Sci Biol Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JNSBM
                Title: Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0976-9668
                ISSN (Electronic): 2229-7707
                Publication date (Print): Jul-Dec 2012
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 199-200
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Pharmacology, MAHER University, Enathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. A. C. Jesudoss Prabhakaran, Department of Pharmacology, MAHER University, Enathur, Kancheepuram 631552, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: jesudossacp@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JNSBM-3-199
                DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.101924
                PMC ID: 3510919
                PubMed ID: 23225987
                SO-VID: a86a60fe-9e3b-4e03-9eec-2db2e4ab93e3
                Copyright © Copyright: © Journal of Natural Science, Biology and Medicine
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: hemoglobinuria,renal failure,hemodialysis,paraphenylenediamine,hair dye
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Keywords: hemoglobinuria, renal failure, hemodialysis, paraphenylenediamine, hair dye

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