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      Relationship between velopharyngeal closure, hypernasality, nasal air emission and nasal rustle in subjects with repaired cleft palate Translated title: Correlação entre o fechamento velofaríngeo, hipernasalidade, emissão de ar nasal e ronco nasal em indivíduos com fissura de palato reparada

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          Abstract

          PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation among velopharyngeal closure, hypernasality, audible nasal air emission (NAE) and nasal rustle (NR), in individuals with repaired cleft palate. METHODS: One hundred patients with repaired cleft palate and lip, submitted to pressure-flow study for measurement of velopharyngeal orifice area (velopharyngeal area) and speech sample recordings. Velopharyngeal area was estimated during the production of the sound /p/ inserted in a sentence, and the velopharyngeal closure was classified as adequate, borderline or inadequate. Hypernasality was rated using a 4-point scale, NAE and NR were rated as absent or present, by three speech language pathologists, using recorded speech samples. Inter and intra-judge agreements were established. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient considering p<0.05. An ordinal logistic regression model was developed to investigate whether the characteristics of speech can predict velopharyngeal closure. For this, the speech samples included in this analysis were those that obtained 100% agreement among raters as to the degree of hypernasality (43 out of 100). RESULTS: Significant correlation was found between hypernasality and velopharyngeal area; audible NAE and velopharyngeal area. A negative correlation was observed between the NR and velopharyngeal area. The regression analysis showed that the perceptual speech characteristics contributed significantly to predict the velopharyngeal closure. CONCLUSION: There is significant correlation between velopharyngeal closure and hypernasality, NAE and NR. It suggests that the perceptual speech characteristics can predict velopharyngeal closure, favoring the diagnosis and the definition of treatment conduct of velopharyngeal dysfunction.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Investigar a correlação entre as dimensões do orifício velofaríngeo, hipernasalidade, emissão de ar nasal (EAN) audível e ronco nasal (RN), em indivíduos com fissura palatina reparada. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados cem pacientes com fissura labiopalatina reparada, submetidos à medida da área do orifício velofaríngeo (área velofaríngea) por meio da técnica fluxo-pressão e à gravação de fala. A partir da área velofaríngea, determinada durante a produção de /p/ inserido numa frase, o fechamento velofaríngeo foi classificado em adequado, marginal e inadequado. A hipernasalidade foi classificada em escala de quatro pontos, EAN e RN em presente-ausente, por três fonoaudiólogas utilizando amostra de fala gravada. A concordância inter e intra-avaliadores foi estabelecida e a correlação entre as variáveis foi analisada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, considerando p<0,05. Um modelo de regressão logística ordinal foi elaborado para investigar se as características da fala podem predizer o fechamento velofaríngeo. Para tanto, foram incluídas somente 43 amostras de fala que obtiveram 100% de concordância quanto ao grau de hipernasalidade entre as avaliadoras. RESULTADOS: Correlação significativa entre hipernasalidade e área velofaríngea; EAN audível e área velofaríngea. Correlação negativa foi verificada entre RN e área velofaríngea. O modelo logístico mostrou que as características da fala contribuíram significativamente para a previsão do fechamento velofaríngeo. CONCLUSÃO: Existe correlação entre dimensões do orifício velofaríngeo e hipernasalidade, EAN e RN, sugerindo que as características perceptivas da fala podem predizer o fechamento velofaríngeo, favorecendo o diagnóstico e a definição de conduta de tratamento da disfunção velofaríngea.

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          The Measurement of Observer Agreement for Categorical Data

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            Speech evaluation of velopharyngeal dysfunction.

            This article reviews concepts basic to the evaluation of the speech of persons with velopharyngeal dysfunction. It defines velopharyngeal dysfunction as well as reviews normal and abnormal velopharyngeal function for speech. It defines the common speech characteristics of persons with velopharyngeal dysfunction, including hypernasality, hyponasality, nasal emission, compensatory articulations, and weak pressure consonants. Speech sounds commonly impacted by velopharyngeal dysfunction are discussed. This article identifies the components of a complete speech evaluation as well as identifies anatomic and physiologic measurements of palatal function used to corroborate perceptual speech judgments indicating palatal problems. It identifies special considerations in the evaluation of persons with suspected velopharyngeal dysfunction. It briefly discusses management of velopharyngeal dysfunction. Review questions follow the article.
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              Cleft palate and craniofacial anomalies: the effects on speech and resonance

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                codas
                CoDAS
                CoDAS
                Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia (São Paulo )
                2317-1782
                June 2015
                : 27
                : 3
                : 267-272
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Irmandade Santa Casa de Londrina Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                Article
                S2317-17822015000300267
                10.1590/2317-1782/20152014145
                26222944
                a8d7ea75-3864-40a4-88b7-6791f30eb8bc

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2317-1782&lng=en
                Categories
                AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
                REHABILITATION

                Audiology,Physiotherapy
                Cleft Palate,Velopharyngeal Insufficiency,Speech,Rhinomanometry,Evaluation,Fissura Palatina,Insuficiência Velofaríngea,Fala,Rinomanometria,Avaliação

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