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      Fenología reproductiva de Stenocereus thurberi (Cactaceae) en una región de transición del norte de Sinaloa, México Translated title: Reproductive phenology of Stenocereus thurberi (Cactaceae) in a transitional region of northern Sinaloa, Mexico

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Los patrones fenológicos, moldeados por las interacciones físicas y bióticas en hábitats marginales, pueden revelar características únicas para la permanencia de una población. La fenología de Stenocereus thurberi, una cactácea columnar del Desierto Sonorense, ha mostrado variación geográfica asociada con el clima y los polinizadores, pero no se conoce su comportamiento en ambientes más húmedos de su área de distribución. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir la dinámica reproductiva y la estructura de tamaños de tres poblaciones en una transición matorral-bosque caducifolio de 170 km de longitud. Las plantas se caracterizaron por su talla, cobertura y número de tallos; los estados fenológicos se basaron en la escala de Campbell y se registraron quincenalmente en 50 individuos de cada población. Se encontraron diferencias en la arquitectura de las plantas, la distribución de tamaños y la actividad reproductiva. El dosel individual en plantas de la población costera (Plan de Guadalupe, 244 mm) es más ramificado (23.3 ± 3.0 tallos / planta) y más extendido (4.6 ± 0.7 m2; media ± 1 error estándar) que en el bosque caducifolio (Las Cruces, 830 mm), cuyas plantas tuvieron mayor desarrollo vertical (9.3 ± 1.3 tallos / planta, 1.2 ± 0.2 m2). Las poblaciones mostraron diferencias en la estructura de tamaños, con plantas más grandes en la costa que en las otras poblaciones. El calendario del periodo reproductivo se demoró 15-30 días y se prolongó por cuatro semanas más en la costa que en las otras poblaciones. La producción de estructuras reproductivas en fechas pico mostró diferencias altamente significativas (F = 31.68, p< 0.001), con medias de 69.5 ± 8.7 en la costa, 28.3 ± 3.2 en Buenavista y 16.6 ± 5.4 en Las Cruces. La precipitación y la temperatura son determinantes en la producción de estructuras reproductivas y la estructura de tamaños de las poblaciones locales. Es posible que la baja producción de flores y frutos de pitaya en el bosque caducifolio sea consecuencia de altas tasas de aborto, depredación de estructuras y competencia por luz, mientras la polinización es facilitada por coexistencia con otra especie columnar, Stenocereus montanus.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Phenological patterns, which are molded by physical and biotic interactions, in marginal habitats could reveal peculiar characteristics for the permanence of a population. Phenology of Stenocereus thurberi, a columnar cactus from the Sonoran Desert, has shown geographic variation that is associated with the weather and pollinators, however, there is no information regarding its behavior in habitats that are more humid than its core distribution area. The aim of this study was to describe the reproductive dynamics and the size structure of three populations along a scrub-tropical dry forest transition 170 km in length. Plants were characterized by height, coverage and number of stems. Phenological stages were based on the Campbell scale and were registered fortnightly on 50 individuals from each population. We found differences in the individual architecture, plant size distribution and reproductive activity. Canopy structure in plants from the coastal population (Plan de Guadalupe, 244 mm) is more branched (23.3 ± 3.0 stems/plant) and wider (4.6 ± 0.7 m2) than the population from the deciduous forest (Las Cruces, 830 mm), on which plants showed higher vertical development (9.3 ± 1.3 stems / plant, 1.2 ± 0.2 m2). Populations exhibited differences in the size structure, with bigger plants on the coast than the other populations. Timing of the breeding season was delayed 15-30 days and was extended four more weeks in the coast than in the other populations. Production of reproductive structures in peak dates showed highly significant differences (F = 31.68, p< 0.001), with a mean of 69.5 ± 8.7 in the coast, 28.3 ± 3.2 in Buenavista and 16.6 ± 5.4 in Las Cruces. Rainfall and temperature are key determinants in the production of reproductive structures and in the size structure of the local populations. It is likely that the low production of pitaya flowers and fruits in the deciduous forest be a consequence of high abortion rates, predation of structures and light competition, while pollination is improved by facilitation from other columnar cactus, Stenocereus montanus.

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          Most cited references53

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          Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution.

          Phenology affects nearly all aspects of ecology and evolution. Virtually all biological phenomena-from individual physiology to interspecific relationships to global nutrient fluxes-have annual cycles and are influenced by the timing of abiotic events. Recent years have seen a surge of interest in this topic, as an increasing number of studies document phenological responses to climate change. Much recent research has addressed the genetic controls on phenology, modelling techniques and ecosystem-level and evolutionary consequences of phenological change. To date, however, these efforts have tended to proceed independently. Here, we bring together some of these disparate lines of inquiry to clarify vocabulary, facilitate comparisons among habitat types and promote the integration of ideas and methodologies across different disciplines and scales. We discuss the relationship between phenology and life history, the distinction between organismal- and population-level perspectives on phenology and the influence of phenology on evolutionary processes, communities and ecosystems. Future work should focus on linking ecological and physiological aspects of phenology, understanding the demographic effects of phenological change and explicitly accounting for seasonality and phenology in forecasts of ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change.
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            Vegetación de México

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              Adaptation to Marginal Habitats

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                gbot
                Gayana. Botánica
                Gayana Bot.
                Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción (Concepción, , Chile )
                0016-5301
                0717-6643
                December 2016
                : 73
                : 2
                : 381-390
                Affiliations
                [1] Juan José Ríos orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Sinaloa orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía del Valle del Fuerte orgdiv2Colegio de Ciencias Agropecuarias Mexico
                Article
                S0717-66432016000200381
                10.4067/S0717-66432016000200381
                a9b7485f-d35b-47b5-8e87-a021a52e8701

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 October 2015
                : 29 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Reproducción,fenología,Stenocereus thurberi,llanura costera,pie de montaña,Reproduction,phenology,coastal plain,piedmont

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