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      Hongos endófitos septados, pero no los micorrízicos arbusculares afectan el crecimiento temprano de Quercus hintonii, un encino endémico del Estado de México Translated title: Septate endophytic fungi, but not arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect the early growth of Quercus hintonii, an endemic oak from Mexico State

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: Los encinos se asocian con hongos micorrízicos y endofíticos septados, pero se desconoce cómo estos hongos impactan su desarrollo. Pregunta: ¿Cómo la interacción entre hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) y endófitos septados (HES) afecta el desarrollo de Q. hintonii? Especies de estudio: Quercus hintonii Sitio de estudio y fechas: Tejupilco, Estado de México, 2015 Método: Dos experimentos con plántulas fueron diseñados: I) Sphagnum (Sph) con y sin inóculo micorrízico, y II) Suelo forestal natural (SFN) y Sphagnum, ambos sin (SFN/Sph) y con inóculo micorrízico (SFN+I/Sph+I). Se evaluó el crecimiento de las plántulas y la colonización fúngica radical a 4, 6 y 7 meses (Exp. I), y a los 4 meses (Exp. II). Resultados: Las raíces de Q. hintonii no fueron colonizadas por HMA, sino por HES, que desarrollaron células moniliformes (32 %), micelio septado (51 %) y otras estructuras (7 %). Las plántulas de seis y siete meses tuvieron menor colonización (12-14 %). Las plántulas de cuatro meses y con mayor colonización por HES tuvieron más biomasa total, número de hojas, peso seco de hojas y raíces, y tallos más gruesos. En el experimento II, las plántulas en SFN tuvieron mayor longitud de raíz y biomasa seca que en SFN+I, Sph+I y Sph. El micelio septado y microesclerocios de HES fueron abundantes en plántulas de SFN y SFN+I. Conclusiones: Los HES nativos colonizando las raíces de Q. hintonii favorecen el crecimiento de las plántulas al inicio de su desarrollo; mientras que los HMA no interaccionaron con este encino.

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          Abstract Background: The oaks are associated with mycorrhizal and septate-endophytic fungi; however, we unknown how these fungi impact its development. Question: How does the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and septate endophytic fungi (SEF) affect the development of Q. hintonii? Species study: Quercus hintonii Study site and years of study: Tejupilco region, State of Mexico, 2015 Methods: Two experiments with oak seedlings were designed: I) Sphagnum (Sph) with and without mycorrhizal inoculum, and II) Natural forest soil (NFS) and Sphagnum without (NFS/Sph) and with mycorrhizal inoculum (NFS+I/Sph+I). Seedlings growth and its roots fungal colonization were evaluated at 4, 6 and 7 old months (Exp. I), and at 4 old months (Exp. II). Results: The Q. hintonii roots were not colonized by AMF, but if by SEF, which developed moniliform cells (32 %), septate mycelium (51 %) and other structures (7 %). Seedlings of six and seven old months had lower colonization by SEF (12-14 %). Oak inoculated seedlings of 4 old months and with higher colonization by SEF, had greater total biomass, number of leaves, dry weight of leaves and roots, and thicker stems. In experiment II, Q. hintonii seedlings grown in NFS had greater root length and total biomass than those grown in NFS+I, Sph+I, and Sph. Septate mycelium and microsclerotia of SEF were abundant in NFS and NFS+I. Conclusions: The colonization by native SEF in Q. hintonii roots favored early development of the seedlings, while the AMF did not interact with this oak species.

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          Most cited references44

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          Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection

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            Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in ecosystems - a journey towards relevance?

            Progress towards understanding the extent to which mycorrhizal fungi are involved in the mobilization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from natural substrates is reviewed here. While mycorrhiza research has emphasized the role of the symbiosis in facilitation of capture of these nutrients in ionic form, attention has shifted since the mid-1980s to analysing the mycorrhizal fungal abilities to release N and P from the detrital materials of microbial faunal and plant origins, which are the primary sources of these elements in terrestrial ecosystems. Ericoid, and some ectomycorrhizal fungi have the potential to be directly involved in attack both on structural polymers, which may render nutrients inaccessible, and in mobilization of N and P from the organic polymers in which they are sequestered. The advantages to the plant of achieving intervention in the microbial mobilization-immobilization cycles are stressed. While the new approaches may initially lack the precision achieved in studies of readily characterized ionic forms of N and P, they do provide insights of greater ecological relevance. The results support the hypothesis that selection has favoured ericoid and ectomycorrhizal systems with well developed saprotrophic capabilities in those ecosystems characterized by retention of N and P as organic complexes in the soil. The need for further investigation of the abilities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to intervene in nutrient mobilization processes is stressed.
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              A meta-analysis of plant responses to dark septate root endophytes.

              K Newsham (2011)
              • Dark septate endophytes (DSE) frequently colonize roots in the natural environment, but the effects of these fungi on plants are obscure, with previous studies indicating negative, neutral or positive effects on plant performance. • In order to reach a consensus for how DSE influence plant performance, meta-analyses were performed on data from 18 research articles, in which plants had been inoculated with DSE in sterile substrates. • Negative effects of DSE on plant performance were not recorded. Positive effects were identified on total, shoot and root biomass, and on shoot nitrogen (N) and phosphorus contents, with increases of 26-103% in these parameters for plants inoculated with DSE, relative to uninoculated controls. Inoculation increased total, shoot and root biomass by 52-138% when plants had not been supplied with additional inorganic N, or when all, or the majority, of N was supplied in organic form. Inoculation with the DSE Phialocephala fortinii was found to increase shoot and root biomass, shoot P concentration and shoot N content by 44-116%, relative to uninoculated controls. • The analyses here suggest that DSE enhance plant performance under controlled conditions, particularly when all, or the majority, of N is available in organic form. © 2011 The Author. New Phytologist © 2011 New Phytologist Trust.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bs
                Botanical Sciences
                Bot. sci
                Sociedad Botánica de México A.C. (México, DF, Mexico )
                2007-4298
                2007-4476
                September 2020
                : 98
                : 3
                : 453-463
                Affiliations
                [1] Iztapalapa orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana orgdiv1División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud orgdiv2Departamento de Biología Mexico
                Article
                S2007-42982020000300453 S2007-4298(20)09800300453
                10.17129/botsci.2505
                a9c078a0-512e-423c-a315-4242107fef79

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 April 2020
                : 16 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 44, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Ecología

                microesclerocios,Encinos,oaks,mycorrhiza,inóculo microbiano,microbial inoculum,Fungal endophytes,hongos endofíticos,microsclerotia,micorriza

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