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      Pharmacological screening and acute toxicity of bark roots of Guettarda platypoda

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          Abstract

          Due to its folk use, scientific reports and phytochemical screening, the purpose of this work was to study the phytochemical and the biological properties of the methanol extract and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity as well as determine the acute toxicity, antitumor and cytotoxic activity of the root barks of Guettarda platypoda DC., Rubiaceae. In this analysis the presence of flavonoids and therpenoids were identified. These data and the ones in the literature indicated it as a potential antioxidant and motivated the cytotoxic analysis related with three tumoral cell strains as well as to evaluate its antitumoral activity (sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma) in female mice. Due to the presence of esteroids and the previous study of the ethanolic extract, its anti-inflammatory activity and toxicity were also evaluated. Absence or low toxicity in 2000 mg/kg doses was verified and the attention to their phytochemical and pharmacological properties is constantly increasing.

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          Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays

          Tim R. Mosmann (1983)
          A tetrazolium salt has been used to develop a quantitative colorimetric assay for mammalian cell survival and proliferation. The assay detects living, but not dead cells and the signal generated is dependent on the degree of activation of the cells. This method can therefore be used to measure cytotoxicity, proliferation or activation. The results can be read on a multiwell scanning spectrophotometer (ELISA reader) and show a high degree of precision. No washing steps are used in the assay. The main advantages of the colorimetric assay are its rapidity and precision, and the lack of any radioisotope. We have used the assay to measure proliferative lymphokines, mitogen stimulations and complement-mediated lysis.
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            New colorimetric cytotoxicity assay for anticancer-drug screening.

            P Skehan, R. Storeng, D Scudiero … (1990)
            We have developed a rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive method for measuring the cellular protein content of adherent and suspension cultures in 96-well microtiter plates. The method is suitable for ordinary laboratory purposes and for very large-scale applications, such as the National Cancer Institute's disease-oriented in vitro anticancer-drug discovery screen, which requires the use of several million culture wells per year. Cultures fixed with trichloroacetic acid were stained for 30 minutes with 0.4% (wt/vol) sulforhodamine B (SRB) dissolved in 1% acetic acid. Unbound dye was removed by four washes with 1% acetic acid, and protein-bound dye was extracted with 10 mM unbuffered Tris base [tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] for determination of optical density in a computer-interfaced, 96-well microtiter plate reader. The SRB assay results were linear with the number of cells and with values for cellular protein measured by both the Lowry and Bradford assays at densities ranging from sparse subconfluence to multilayered supraconfluence. The signal-to-noise ratio at 564 nm was approximately 1.5 with 1,000 cells per well. The sensitivity of the SRB assay compared favorably with sensitivities of several fluorescence assays and was superior to those of both the Lowry and Bradford assays and to those of 20 other visible dyes. The SRB assay provides a colorimetric end point that is nondestructive, indefinitely stable, and visible to the naked eye. It provides a sensitive measure of drug-induced cytotoxicity, is useful in quantitating clonogenicity, and is well suited to high-volume, automated drug screening. SRB fluoresces strongly with laser excitation at 488 nm and can be measured quantitatively at the single-cell level by static fluorescence cytometry.
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              Survey of medicinal plants used in the region Northeast of Brazil

              Maria Agra, Kiriaki Silva, Ionaldo José Lima Diniz Basílio … (2008)
              This work has the objective a survey of the species of plants and their uses as medicinal, which are utilized for therapeutic purposes in Northeast region of Brazil. The area of study is recognized by a rich diversity of species of plants and habitats that ranges from Rainforest, Atlantic Forest, coastal dunes systems and mangroves, to dry forests and savannas. As results, a total of 650 species belonging to 407 genera and 111 families were recorded and also their ethnomedicinal information. The floristic diversity is dominated by higher plants and only five species belonging to the families Aspleniaceae, Cyatheaceae, Equisetaceae, Polypodiaceae and Selaginellaceae were reported belonging to the Ferns group, which correspond to less than 1 % of the total of the registered species. This study aims at emphasizing the greatest importance of investigation of those species that have not been subject of pharmacological study, although their popular uses have already been reported.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): rbfar
                Title: Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia
                Abbreviated Title: Rev. bras. farmacogn.
                Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                ISSN (Print): 0102-695X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1981-528X
                Publication date (Print and electronic): December 2012
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 1315-1322
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Departamento de Antibióticos Brazil
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco orgdiv1Departamento de Farmácia
                Article
                Publisher ID: S0102-695X2012000600016 Publisher ID: S0102-695X(12)02200616
                SO-VID: aa1df756-9b8a-4ed8-9311-335d5a918c0d
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 19 March 2012
                Date accepted : 06 July 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Subject: Articles

                Keywords: acute toxicity,anti-inflammatory activity,antitumor activity,cytotoxicity,Guettarda platypoda
                Data availability:
                Keywords: acute toxicity, anti-inflammatory activity, antitumor activity, cytotoxicity, Guettarda platypoda

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