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      A BATTLE OF TWO PRESIDENTS: LULA VS. BOLSONARO IN THE BRAZILIAN ELECTIONS OF 2022 Translated title: Una Batalla de dos Presidentes: Lula vs. Bolsonaro en las Elecciones Brasileñas de 2022

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The Brazilian elections of 2022 were characterized by strong political polarization at the national level. The presidential race was structured around two candidacies: on the right, the then-president running for reelection, Jair Bolsonaro from the Liberal Party (PL), and on the left, the former president in office from 2003 and 2010, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva from the Workers’ Party (PT). This article aims to analyze the 2022 Brazilian elections in light of Bolsonaro’s and Lula’s strategies during the presidential campaign. Contrary to the influential claim of the economic voting account, voters’ short-term retrospective assessment did not determine the 2022 election results. We argue that the candidacy of Lula, the most popular former president in Brazil’s history, introduced a distinct dynamic into the electoral race, challenging the incumbent with the legacy of his governments (2003-2010). In this case, Lula’s win was related to his ability to reactivate voters’ memories of his government, particularly evoking the significant improvements in social welfare achieved during that period.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Las elecciones brasileñas de 2022 se caracterizaron por una fuerte polarización política a nivel nacional. La carrera presidencial se estructuró en torno a dos candidaturas: por la derecha, el entonces presidente candidato a la reelección Jair Bolsonaro, del Partido Liberal (PL), y por la izquierda, el expresidente entre 2003 y 2010 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, del Partido de los Trabajadores (PT). Este artículo pretende analizar las elecciones brasileñas de 2022 a la luz de las estrategias de Bolsonaro y Lula durante la campaña presidencial. Contrariamente a la influyente afirmación de la teoría del voto económico, la evaluación retrospectiva a corto plazo de los votantes no determinó los resultados de las elecciones de 2022. Argumentamos que la candidatura de Lula, el ex presidente más popular en la historia del país, introdujo una dinámica distinta en la carrera electoral, desafiando al incumbente con el legado de sus gobiernos (2003-2010). En este caso, la victoria de Lula está relacionada con su capacidad para reactivar los recuerdos de los votantes de su gobierno, en particular evocando las importantes mejoras en el bienestar social logradas durante ese período.

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          Most cited references38

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          A Rational Theory of the Size of Government

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            Short-Term Fluctuations in U.S. Voting Behavior, 1896–1964

            This paper develops several simple multivariate statistical models and applies them to explain fluctuations in the aggregate vote for the United States House of Representatives, over the period 1896-1964. The basic hypothesis underlying these models is that voters are rational in at least the limited sense that their decisions as to whether to vote for an incumbent administration depend on whether its performance has been “satisfactory” according to some simple standard. Because of data limitations, the analysis focuses on measures of economic performance, treating other aspects of an incumbent's performance, such as its handling of foreign affairs, as stochastic perturbations of the underlying relationship to be estimated. (Examination of residuals suggests this assumption is not unreasonable, at least during peacetime.) Possible effects of coattails from presidential races, of incumbency, and of secular trends in the underlying partisanship of the electorate are also taken into account. The models, estimated by maximum-likelihood methods, are found to be successful. Close to two-thirds of the variance in the vote series is accounted for, and the structural coefficients of the models are of the correct signs and of quite reasonable magnitudes. Economic growth, as measured by the changes in real per capita income, is the major economic variable; unemployment or inflation have little independent effect. Presidential coattails are also found to be of some importance.
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              Bolsonaro and Brazil's Illiberal Backlash

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                revcipol
                Revista de ciencia política (Santiago)
                Rev. cienc. polít. (Santiago)
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Ciencia Política (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-090X
                August 2023
                : 43
                : 2
                : 167-191
                Affiliations
                [2] São Paulo orgnameUSP orgdiv1Center for Metropolitan Studies Brazil
                [1] Santiago orgnameAlberto Hurtado University Chile
                Article
                S0718-090X2023000200167 S0718-090X(23)04300200167
                10.4067/s0718-090x2023005000111
                aa2c4717-e012-4aa9-a59d-d9749184f851

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 June 2023
                : 12 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 25
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Bolsonaro,Lula,Brazilian elections,far-right,voting behavior,elecciones brasileñas,extrema derecha,comportamiento electoral

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