2
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Estreptococos del grupo Streptococcus anginosus Parte II. Patogenia y sensibilidad a los antibióticos

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen En esta segunda parte de la actualización sobre estreptococos del grupo Streptococcus anginosus (EGA) se describen sus factores de virulencia y su sensibilidad a los antibióticos. Los EGA, pertenecientes al grupo de los estreptococos viridans (EGV), son colonizantes habituales de las mucosas orofaríngea, intestinal y genitourinaria, pero, cada vez más frecuentemente, son reconocidos como patógenos humanos. Entre sus factores de virulencia se han descripto enzimas como la hialuronidasa, la condroitín sulfatasa y las nucleasas (DNasas y RNasas). En algunas cepas se han detectado también exoenzimas superantigénicas homólogas a las de Streptococcus pyogenes. Es notable el rol de las hemolisinas (citolisinas), como la estreptolisina O y la intermedilisina, específica de Streptococcus intermedius, una de las tres especies que conforman el grupo. Los EGA presentan bajos porcentajes de no sensibilidad a los beta-lactámicos (penicilina: 0-15%, cefotaxima: 0-3% y carbapenemes: 0-3%) con muy pocas excepciones y muy pocos aislados resistentes. En cambio, son naturalmente resistentes al metronidazol y a los nitrofuranos. Se han informado porcentajes elevados de resistencia a macrólidos, clindamicina y tetraciclina (en algunos casos hasta más de 50%). La resistencia a las fluoroquinolonas es variable, pero muy baja para levofloxacina. Los EGA generalmente son sensibles a vancomicina y/o teicoplanina con concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (CIM)≤1 μg/mL, aunque es destacable la descripción de unos pocos aislados con sensibilidad disminuida a vancomicina, uno de ellos portador del gen vanG. La resistencia a otros antibióticos se observó solo en forma esporádica.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract This second part of the review about Streptococcus anginosus group streptococci (SAG) describes their virulence factors and their antimicrobial susceptibility. SAG are common colonizers of the oropharyngeal, intestinal, and genitourinary mucosa, but are increasingly recognized as human pathogens. Among their virulence factors, enzymes such as hyaluronidase, chondroitin sulfatase and nucleases (DNases and RNases) have been described. Superantigenic exoenzymes homologous to those of Streptococcus pyogenes have also been detected in some strains. The role of hemolysins (cytolysins) is notable, and specifically that of intermedilysin in Streptococcus intermedius, one of the three species of the group. SAG present low percentages of non-sensitivity to beta-lactams (penicillin: 0–15%, cefotaxime: 0 - 3% and carbapenems: 0-3%) with very few exceptions and very few resistant isolates. Instead, they are naturally resistant to metronidazole and nitrofurans. High percentages of resistance to macrolides, clindamycin and tetracycline have been reported (in some cases up to more than 50%). Fluoroquinolone resistance is variable, but it is very low for levofloxacin. SAG are generally susceptible to vancomycin and/or teicoplanin with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs)≤1 μg/mL, although the isolation of a few isolates with decreased sensitivity to vancomycin, one of them carrying the vanG gene, is notable. Resistance to other antibiotics was observed only sporadically.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Esta segunda parte da revisão sobre estreptococos do grupo Streptococcus anginosus (EGA) descreve seus fatores de virulência e sensibilidade aos antibióticos. Os EGAs, pertencentes ao grupo dos estreptococos viridans (EGV), são colonizadores comuns das mucosas orofaríngea, intestinal e geniturinária, mas são cada vez mais reconhecidos como patógenos humanos. Entre seus fatores de virulência, foram descritas enzimas como hialuronidase, condroitina sulfatase e nucleases (DNases e RNases). Exoenzimas superantigênicas homólogas às de Streptococcus pyogenes também foram detectadas em algumas cepas. O papel das hemolisinas (citolisinas), como a estreptolisina O e a intermedilisina, específica de Streptococcus intermedius, uma das três espécies que compõem o grupo é notável. Os EGAs apresentam baixo percentual de não sensibilidade aos betalactâmicos (penicilina: 0-15 %, cefotaxima: 0-3% e carbapenemas: 0-3%) com muito poucas exceções e muito poucos isolados resistentes. Em vez disso, são naturalmente resistentes ao metronidazol e aos nitrofuranos. Foram relatados altos percentuais de resistência aos macrólidos, clindamicina e tetraciclina (em alguns casos, até mais de 50%). A resistência às fluoroquinolonas é variável, mas muito baixa para a levofloxacina. Os EGAs são geralmente sensíveis à vancomicina e/ou teicoplanina com concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM)≤1 μg/ mL, embora seja notável a descrição de alguns isolados com sensibilidade reduzida à vancomicina, um deles portador do gene vanG. Resistência a outros antibióticos foi observada apenas esporadicamente.

          Related collections

          Most cited references118

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Mechanisms of resistance to macrolides and lincosamides: nature of the resistance elements and their clinical implications.

          Resistance to macrolides and lincosamides is increasingly reported in clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. The multiplicity of mechanisms of resistance, which include ribosomal modification, efflux of the antibiotic, and drug inactivation, results in a variety of phenotypes of resistance. There is controversy concerning the clinical relevance of in vitro macrolide resistance. Recent data, however, have shown that eradication of bacteria correlates with clinical outcome of acute otitis media in children and that macrolide therapy results in delayed eradication of macrolide-resistant pneumococci. These results support the need for in vitro detection of macrolide resistance and correct interpretation of susceptibility tests to guide therapy.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Bacterial resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin antibiotics by target modification.

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Molecular pathogenicity of Streptococcus anginosus.

              Streptococcus anginosus and the closely related species Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius, are primarily commensals of the mucosa. The true pathogenic potential of this group has been under-recognized for a long time because of difficulties in correct species identification as well as the commensal nature of these species. In recent years, streptococci of the S. anginosus group have been increasingly found as relevant microbial pathogens in abscesses and blood cultures and they play a pathogenic role in cystic fibrosis. Several international studies have shown a surprisingly high frequency of infections caused by the S. anginosus group. Recent studies and a genome-wide comparative analysis suggested the presence of multiple putative virulence factors that are well-known from other streptococcal species. However, very little is known about the molecular basis of pathogenicity in these bacteria. This review summarizes our current knowledge of pathogenicity factors and their regulation in S. anginosus.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                abcl
                Acta bioquímica clínica latinoamericana
                Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam.
                Federación Bioquímica de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina )
                0325-2957
                1851-6114
                January 2021
                : 55
                : 1
                : 61-77
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameHospital General de Agudos Dr. Abel Zubizarreta, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y Hospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
                [2] orgnameHospital de Pediatría “Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Argentina
                Article
                S0325-29572021000100061 S0325-2957(21)05500100061
                abcd06f6-a23b-49ee-99af-f7fbcdb95aab

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 August 2020
                : 05 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 120, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Microbiología

                Streptococcus anginosus,resistência aos antibióticos,Patogênese,Streptococcus milleri,Streptococcus constellatus,Streptococcus intermedius,Resistencia a los antibióticos,Patogenia,Antimicrobial resistance,Pathogenesis

                Comments

                Comment on this article