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      Indicadores antropométricos, mas não a aptidão aeróbia, se associam com a reatividade vascular de pressão arterial em homens Translated title: Anthropometric parameters, but not aerobic fitness, associates with vascular reactivity of blood pressure in men

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre indicadores antropométricos e aptidão aeróbia com a reatividade vascular de pressão arterial (RV PA) em homens saudáveis. Quarenta indivíduos do sexo masculino (27.3 ± 6.3 anos; 77.2 ± 11.5 kg; 175.7 ± 6.9 cm) realizaram medidas de índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), relação cintura/quadril (RCQ), percentual de gordura (%G), consumo máximo de oxigénio (VO2max) e um teste de RV PA (Cold Pressor Test - CPT) com imersão da mão em água a 4º Celsius durante 1 minuto. Não ocorreu associação entre aptidão aeróbia (VO2max abaixo ou acima da média e teste de correlação) com RV PA (p> 0.05). Indicadores antropométricos como IMC (r= 0.31 / 0.54), CC (r= 0.30 / 0.49), RCQ (r= 0.30 / 0.36) e %G (r= 0.31 / 0.35) demonstraram correlações significativas com RV PA (p< 0.05), contudo, somente a CC durante o CPT (ß= 0.30 / 0.43) e o IMC após o CPT (ß= 0.54 / 0.81) foram preditores da RV PA (p= 0.05). Conclui-se que indicadores antropométricos apresentaram correlações independentes com a RV PA, contudo, apenas a CC (durante) e o IMC (após) se mostraram preditores significativos da RV PA, o que sugere que a adiposidade corporal, independente da aptidão aeróbia, tenha importante papel como fator de risco para a doença cardiovascular.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this study was to verify the association between anthropometric parameters and aerobic fitness with vascular reactivity of blood pressure (VR BP) at healthy male subjects. It was assessed in forty apparently healthy male (27.3 ± 6.3 years; 77.2 ± 11.5 kg; 175.7 ± 6.9 cm) the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-rip ratio (WRR), body fat (%BF), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and a VR test of BP (Cold Pressor Test - CPT) with immersion of hand in the water (4º Celsius during 1 min). There was no association between aerobic fitness (VO2max below or above of mean and relationship test) and VR BP (p> 0.05). Anthropometric indicators as BMI (r= 0.31 / 0.54), WC (r= 0.30 / 0.49), WRR (r= 0.30 / 0.36) and %BF (r= 0.31 / 0.35) showed positive relationships with VR BP (p< 0.05). However, only WC during the CPT (ß= 0.30 / 0.43) and BMI after the CPT (ß= 0.54 / 0.81) were predictors of VR BP (p= 0.05). We conclude that anthropometric indicators showed independents relationships with VR BP. Nevertheless, only the WC (during) and BMI (after) were significant predictors of VR BP, suggesting that body adiposity, independent of aerobic fitness, have an important role as a cardiovascular risk factor.

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          Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk: the Framingham experience.

          To our knowledge, no single investigation concerning the long-term effects of overweight status on the risk for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular sequelae has been reported. Relations between categories of body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular disease risk factors, and vascular disease end points were examined prospectively in Framingham Heart Study participants aged 35 to 75 years, who were followed up to 44 years. The primary outcome was new cardiovascular disease, which included angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, or stroke. Analyses compared overweight (BMI [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters], 25.0-29.9) and obese persons (BMI > or =30) to a referent group of normal-weight persons (BMI, 18.5-24.9). The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) for new hypertension was highly associated with overweight status (men: RR, 1.46; women: RR, 1.75). New hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus were less highly associated with excess adiposity. The age-adjusted RR (confidence interval [CI]) for cardiovascular disease was increased among those who were overweight (men: 1.21 [1.05-1.40]; women: 1.20 [1.03-1.41]) and the obese (men: 1.46 [1.20-1.77]; women: 1.64 [1.37-1.98]). High population attributable risks were related to excess weight (BMI > or =25) for the outcomes hypertension (26% men; 28% women), angina pectoris (26% men; 22% women), and coronary heart disease (23% men; 15% women). The overweight category is associated with increased relative and population attributable risk for hypertension and cardiovascular sequelae. Interventions to reduce adiposity and avoid excess weight may have large effects on the development of risk factors and cardiovascular disease at an individual and population level.
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            Physical activity interventions in Latin America: a systematic review.

            Recommendations for physical activity in the Guide to Community Preventive Services (the Community Guide) have not been systematically examined or applied in developing countries such as those in Latin America. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the current evidence base concerning interventions to increase physical activity in Latin America using a modified Community Guide process and to develop evidence-based recommendations for physical activity interventions. In 2006, a literature review of both peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature in Portuguese, Spanish, and English was carried out to identify physical activity interventions conducted in community settings in Latin America. Intervention studies were identified by searching ten databases using 16 search terms related to physical activity, fitness, health promotion, and community interventions. All intervention studies related to physical activity were summarized into tables. Six reviewers independently classified the intervention studies by the categories used in the Community Guide and screened the studies for inclusion in a systematic abstraction process to assess the strength of the evidence. Five trained researchers conducted the abstractions. The literature search identified 903 peer-reviewed articles and 142 Brazilian theses related to physical activity, of which 19 were selected for full abstraction. Only for school-based physical education classes was the strength of the evidence from Latin America sufficient to support a practice recommendation. This systematic review highlights the need for rigorous evaluation of promising interventions to increase physical activity in Latin America. Implementation and maintenance of school physical education programs and policies should be strongly encouraged to promote the health of Latin American children.
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              Exercise and diet, independent of weight loss, improve cardiometabolic risk profile in overweight and obese individuals.

              Diet and/or exercise are routinely advised as methods for weight loss in overweight/obese individuals, particularly those who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, physical activity and structured exercise programs rarely result in significant loss of body weight or body fat, and weight-loss diets have extraordinarily high recidivism rates. Despite only modest effects on body weight, exercise and ad libitum nutrient-dense diets for overweight/obese individuals have many health benefits, including skeletal muscle adaptations that improve fat and glucose metabolism, and insulin action; enhance endothelial function; have favorable changes in blood lipids, lipoproteins, and hemostatic factors; and reduce blood pressure, postprandial lipemia and glycemia, and proinflammatory markers. These lifestyle-induced adaptations occur independently of changes in body weight or body fat. Thus, overweight/obese men and women who are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes as a result of sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and excess body weight should be encouraged to engage in regular physical activity and improve their diet, regardless of whether the healthier lifestyle leads to weight loss.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mot
                Motricidade
                Motri.
                Edições Desafio Singular (Ribeira de Pena )
                1646-107X
                September 2014
                : 10
                : 3
                : 12-20
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco Brasil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal do Maranhão Brasil
                Article
                S1646-107X2014000300003
                10.6063/motricidade.10(3).2708
                abd1b2d0-af44-4ecd-a1a4-aefca02364f9

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1646-107X&lng=en
                Categories
                SPORT SCIENCES

                Sports medicine
                body adiposity,anthropometric,physical fitness,vascular reactivity,adiposidade corporal,antropometria,aptidão física,reatividade vascular

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