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      Manobras de hiperinflação manual podem causar aspiração de secreções orofaríngeas em paciente sob ventilação mecânica? Translated title: ¿Las maniobras de hiperinflación manual pueden causar aspiración de secreciones orofaríngeas en paciente bajo ventilación mecánica? Translated title: Can manual hyperinflation maneuvers cause aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions in patients under mechanical ventilation?

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          Abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Avaliar se manobra de hiperinsuflação manual (HM) pode propiciar aspiração das secreções orofaríngeas em paciente sob ventilação mecânica. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo pacientes adultos sob ventilação mecânica nos quais foi injetado corante na cavidade orofaríngea e aspirada secreção traqueal após 30 minutos (min). Na ocorrência de deslizamento do corante, o paciente foi eliminado. Os demais foram alocados em Grupo Controle: pacientes em que se aspiravam secreções traqueais após 30, 60, 120 e 180 min e Grupo Experimental: após 30 min, foram realizadas manobras de HM e aspirada secreção nos intervalos estabelecidos. RESULTADOS: Estudaram-se 43 pacientes. Em 13, ocorreu deslizamento do corante após 30 min antes da alocação dos grupos. Os demais 29 pacientes forneceram 226 amostras de secreções. Houve presença de secreções coradas em apenas duas amostras, após realização de HM, em pacientes do grupo experimental. CONCLUSÃO: A manobra de hiperinflação manual não propiciou aspiração de secreções orofaríngeas em paciente sob ventilação mecânica.

          Translated abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVO: Evaluar si la maniobra de hiperinsuflación manual (HM), puede propiciar la aspiración de las secreciones orofaríngeas en el paciente que está bajo ventilación mecánica. MÉTODOS: Participaron en el estudio pacientes adultos bajo ventilación mecánica, en los cuales se inyectó un colorante en la cavidad orofaríngea y se aspiró la secreción traqueal después de 30 minutos (min). Al ocurrir el deslizamiento del colorante, el paciente fue eliminado. Los demás pacientes fueron derivados al Grupo Control: pacientes en que se aspiraban secreciones traqueales después de 30, 60, 120 y 180 min y un Grupo Experimental: después de 30', en que fueron realizadas las maniobras de HM y aspirada la secreción en los intervalos establecidos. RESULTADOS: Fueron estudiados 43 pacientes. En 13 de ellos, ocurrió deslizamiento del colorante después de 30 min antes de la ubicación de los grupos. Los demás 29 pacientes suministraron 226 muestras de secreciones. Se registró la presencia de secreciones de colorante en solamente dos muestras después de la realización de HM, en pacientes del grupo experimental. CONCLUSIONES: La maniobra de hiperinflación manual no generó la aspiración de secreciones orofaríngeas en el paciente bajo ventilación mecánica.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether manual hyperinflation maneuvers can cause aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions in patients under mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Adult patients under mechanical ventilation in whom a dye was injected in the oropharyngeal cavity and had their tracheal secretion aspirated after 30 minutes (min) participated in this study. In the event of dye slid, the patient was eliminated. The other patients were divided in Control Group: patients in whom tracheal secretions were aspirated after 30, 60, 120, and 180 min, and Experimental Group: after 30 min, manual hyperventilation maneuvers were performed and secretions were aspirated on the established intervals. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were enrolled in this study. In 13, dye slippage was observed after 30 min, before allocating them into two groups. In the remaining 29 patients, 226 secretion samples were collected. In only two samples the presence of dye in the secretion was observed after manual hyperinflation maneuvers in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Manual hyperinflation maneuvers did not cause aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions in patients under mechanical ventilation.

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          Most cited references10

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          Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the postoperative period of major heart surgery.

          Aspiration of endotracheal secretions is a major step in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). We compared conventional and continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions (CASS) procedures in ventilated patients after major heart surgery (MHS). Randomized comparison during a 2-year period. A total of 714 patients were randomized (24 patients were excluded from the study; 359 CASS patients; 331 control subjects). The results for CASS patients and control subjects (per protocol and intention-to-treat analysis) were as follows: VAP incidence, 3.6% vs 5.3% (p = 0.2) and 3.8% vs 5.1%, respectively; incidence density, 17.9 vs 27.6 episodes per 1,000 days of mechanical ventilation (MV) [p = 0.18] and 18.9 vs 28.7 episodes per 1,000 days of MV, respectively; hospital antibiotic use in daily defined doses (DDDs), 1,213 vs 1,932 (p 48 h, the comparisons of CASS patients and control subjects were as follows: VAP incidence, 26.7% vs 47.5% (p = 0.04), respectively; incidence density, 31.5 vs 51.6 episodes per 1,000 days of MV, respectively (p = 0.03); median length of ICU stay, 7 vs 16.5 days (p = 0.01), respectively; hospital antibiotic use, 1,206 vs 1,877 DDD (p < 0.001), respectively; Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, 6.7% vs 12.5% (p = 0.3), respectively; and overall mortality rate, 44.4% vs 52.5% (p = 0.3), respectively. Reintubation increased the risk of VAP (relative risk [RR], 6.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.20 to 16.60; p < 0.001), while CASS was the only significant protective factor (RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.99; p = 0.04). No complications related to CASS were observed. The cost of the CASS tube was 9 vs 1.5 euro for the conventional tube. CASS is a safe procedure that reduces the use of antimicrobial agents in the overall population and the incidence of VAP in patients who are at risk. CASS use should be encouraged, at least in patients undergoing MHS.
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            The use of manual hyperinflation in airway clearance.

            L Denehy (1999)
            Manual lung hyperinflation (MH) is one of a number of techniques which are employed by the physiotherapist in the critical care setting. The technique was first described with physiotherapy 30 yrs ago and commonly involves a slow, deep inspiration, inspiratory pause and fast unobstructed expiration. The use of MH varies between and within countries. It is commonly employed by physiotherapists to assist in the removal of secretions and re-expand areas of atelectasis. Despite the popularity of the technique, research examining its efficacy is conflicting, especially the effect of MH on cardiovascular parameters. Recent studies examining mucociliary transport in intubated and ventilated patients have shown impaired clearance of secretions, but research evaluating the role of MH specifically in airway clearance is scant. The use of the additional physiotherapy techniques, gravity assisted drainage and chest wall vibrations, may enhance the efficacy of MH in promoting airway clearance, but further research is necessary. Controversy exists regarding the safety and effectiveness of application of manual lung hyperinflation in intubated patients. Clearly, more randomized controlled studies are necessary in order to provide a sound scientific rationale for the application of manual lung hyperinflation in the treatment of critically ill patients.
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              Chest physical therapy for patients in the intensive care unit.

              D Ciesla (1996)
              Chest physical therapy is used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to minimize pulmonary secretion retention, to maximize oxygenation, and to reexpand atelectatic lung segments. This article reviews how chest physical therapy is used with patients who are critically ill. A brief historical review of the literature is presented. Chest physical therapy treatments applicable to patients in the ICU are discussed. Postural drainage, percussion, vibration, breathing exercises, cough stimulation techniques, and airway suctioning are described in detail, with current references. The importance of patient mobilization is emphasized. The advantages of chest physical therapy over therapeutic bronchoscopy also are discussed. Two patient examples are used to demonstrate the beneficial effects that may be obtained with chest physical therapy. Following the removal of retained secretions, arterial oxygenation and partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen concentration ratios improved, and atelectasis resolved without the negative hemodynamic side effects of therapeutic bronchoscopy. Physical therapists trained in the ICU can safely perform chest physical therapy with the majority of patients who are critically ill.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rba
                Revista Brasileira de Anestesiologia
                Rev. Bras. Anestesiol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (Campinas, SP, Brazil )
                0034-7094
                1806-907X
                October 2011
                : 61
                : 5
                : 558-560
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameUnicamp orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências Médicas orgdiv2Departamento de Enfermagem
                [01] orgnameUnicamp orgdiv1Hospital das Clínicas orgdiv2Enfermaria de Emergência Clínica e Enfermaria de Cirurgia do Trauma
                [02] orgnameUnicamp orgdiv1Hospital das Clínicas
                Article
                S0034-70942011000500005 S0034-7094(11)06100505
                abe30664-a136-4ddf-a1a4-e4002502ca88

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 July 2010
                : 31 January 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 3
                Categories
                Artigos Científicos

                Physical Therapy (Specialty),CIRURGIA,COMPLICAÇÕES,INTUBAÇÃO TRAQUEAL,CIRUGÍA,COMPLICACIONES,INTUBACIÓN TRAQUEAL,Respiratory Aspiration,Respiration, Artificial,Intensive Care,Critical Care

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