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      Ação in vitro de fontes de silício sobre isolados de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens Translated title: In vitro action of silicon sources on isolates of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens.

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          Abstract

          RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ação in vitro do silicato de potássio e de alumínio, em várias concentrações (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 e 10,0 %), sobre dez isolados de Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff). O fungicida tolylfluanid foi utilizado como testemunha positiva. Os discos de papel embebidos nos produtos, em diferentes concentrações, foram colocados no centro de cada placa de Petri após a solidificação do meio de cultura (NSA) contendo a bactéria e as aferições dos halos de inibição foram realizadas após 48 h de incubação. Verificou-se que o silicato de potássio (Supa Sílica®) não afetou o crescimento de Cff, enquanto que o silicato de alumínio (Rocksil®) teve ação inibitória aos isolados avaliados.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro action of potassium and aluminum silicate, at various concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 10.0 %), on isolates of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff). The fungicide tolylfluanid was used as a positive control. Paper discs embedded with the test compounds at different concentrations were placed in the center of each Petri dish after solidification of the culture medium (NSA) containing the bacterium, and the measurements of inhibition halos were performed after 48 h incubation. Potassium silicate (Supa Sílica®) did not affect the growth of Cff, while the aluminum silicate (Rocksil®) had an inhibitory action on the evaluated isolates.

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          Comparative eco-toxicity of nanoscale TiO2, SiO2, and ZnO water suspensions.

          The potential eco-toxicity of nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), silicon dioxide (SiO(2)), and zinc oxide (ZnO) water suspensions was investigated using Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli as test organisms. These three photosensitive nanomaterials were harmful to varying degrees, with antibacterial activity increasing with particle concentration. Antibacterial activity generally increased from SiO(2) to TiO(2) to ZnO, and B. subtilis was most susceptible to their effects. Advertised nanoparticle size did not correspond to true particle size. Apparently, aggregation produced similarly sized particles that had similar antibacterial activity at a given concentration. The presence of light was a significant factor under most conditions tested, presumably due to its role in promoting generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, bacterial growth inhibition was also observed under dark conditions, indicating that undetermined mechanisms additional to photocatalytic ROS production were responsible for toxicity. These results highlight the need for caution during the use and disposal of such manufactured nanomaterials to prevent unintended environmental impacts, as well as the importance of further research on the mechanisms and factors that increase toxicity to enhance risk management.
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            Bacterial toxicity comparison between nano- and micro-scaled oxide particles.

            Toxicity of nano-scaled aluminum, silicon, titanium and zinc oxides to bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens) was examined and compared to that of their respective bulk (micro-scaled) counterparts. All nanoparticles but titanium oxide showed higher toxicity (at 20 mg/L) than their bulk counterparts. Toxicity of released metal ions was differentiated from that of the oxide particles. ZnO was the most toxic among the three nanoparticles, causing 100% mortality to the three tested bacteria. Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles had a mortality rate of 57% to B. subtilis, 36% to E. coli, and 70% to P. fluorescens. SiO(2) nanoparticles killed 40% of B. subtilis, 58% of E. coli, and 70% of P. fluorescens. TEM images showed attachment of nanoparticles to the bacteria, suggesting that the toxicity was affected by bacterial attachment. Bacterial responses to nanoparticles were different from their bulk counterparts; hence nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms need to be studied thoroughly.
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              Silicon in plant disease control

              All essential nutrients can affect the incidence and severity of plant diseases. Although silicon (Si) is not considered as an essential nutrient for plants, it stands out for its potential to decrease disease intensity in many crops. The mechanism of Si action in plant resistance is still unclear. Si deposition in plant cell walls raised the hypothesis of a possible physical barrier to pathogen penetration. However, the increased activity of phenolic compounds, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases in plants treated with Si demonstrates the involvement of this element in the induction of plant defense responses. The studies examined in this review address the role of Si in disease control and the possible mechanisms involved in the mode of Si action in disease resistance in plants.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                sp
                Summa Phytopathologica
                Summa phytopathol.
                Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia (Botucatu, SP, Brazil )
                0100-5405
                1980-5454
                December 2017
                : 43
                : 4
                : 310-315
                Affiliations
                [01] Mato Grosso do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal da Grande Dourados orgdiv1Doutorando em Agronomia Brazil
                [02] Mato Grosso do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
                Article
                S0100-54052017000400310
                10.1590/0100-5405/2186
                ad7ee20f-e0cb-4c7b-bc80-d047b27bcf4a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 May 2016
                : 13 July 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                silicato de alumínio,silicato de potássio,murcha-de-curtobacterium,aluminum silicate,potassium silicate,bacterial wilt

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