7
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Biosynthetic cellulose induces the formation of a neoduramater following pre-natal correction of meningomyelocele in fetal sheep Translated title: A celulose biossintética induz a formação de uma neoduramáter na correção antenatal da meningomielocele em fetos de ovelhas

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two dura-mater substitutes, namely human acellular dermal matrix (HADM) and biosynthetic cellulose (BC), in repairing, in utero, surgically-induced meningomyelocele (MMC) in fetal sheep. METHODS: A neural tube defect was created at 74-77 days gestation in 36 fetal sheep. They were divided into 3 groups, the control group that did not receive pre-natal corrective surgery, and the other two groups that received corrective surgery using HADM (Group A) or BC (Group B). Both materials were used as a dura-mater substitutes between the neural tissue and the sutured skin. Correction was performed at gestation day 100 and the fetuses were maintained in utero until term. Sheep were sacrificed on gestation day 140. The fetal spine was submitted to macro and microscopic analysis. At microscopy, adherence of the material to the skin and neural tissue was analyzed. RESULTS: In the initial phase (pilot), experimentally-induced MMC was performed on 11 fetuses and 4 survived (37%). In the second phase (study), 25 fetuses received surgery and 17 survived (68%). In the study group, 6 fetuses did not undergo repair (control group), 11 cases were submitted to corrective surgery (experimental group) and one fetal loss occurred. Of the surviving cases in the experimental group, 4 constituted Group A and 6 in Group B. Macroscopically, skin and underlying tissues where easily displaced from the BC in all cases it was used; in contrast, HADM adhered to these tissues. To compare the adherence, 4 cases from Group A and 4 in Group B were studied. We observed adherence, host cell migration and vessel proliferation into the HADM all sections from Group A and this aspect was not present in any cases in Group B (p < 0.05). In Group B, we also observed that a new fibroblast layer formed around the BC thus protecting the medulla and constituting a "neoduramater". CONCLUSION: The use of BC seems to be more adequate as a dura-mater substitute to cover the damaged neural tissue than HADM. It seems promising for use in the in utero correction of MMC because to does not adhere to neural tissue of superficial and deep layers ("tethered spinal cord"). Thus, BC minimizes the mechanical and chemical intrauterine damage to the spinal medulla.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Estudar os efeitos do emprego de dois materiais consideravelmente diferentes quanto à origem e custo na correção intra-uterina da meningomielocele criada experimentalmente em feto de ovino. MÉTODOS: Em 36 fetos de ovinos foi criado um defeito aberto de tubo neural, com 75 de dias de gestação. Os casos foram divididos em três grupos: o controle onde o defeito não foi corrigido, grupo corrigido A onde o material utilizado para cobrir a medula exposta foi a matriz dérmica humana acelular (MDHA) e o grupo corrigido B onde o material foi a celulose biossintética (CB). Após a correção realizada com 100 dias, os fetos eram mantidos intra-útero até o termo da gestação. Os sacrifícios foram realizados com 140 dias e a coluna fetal era submetida à análise macro e microscópica onde foi observada a aderência dos materiais à pele, medula ou tecido nervoso remanescente. RESULTADOS: Na fase inicial (piloto), 11 fetos foram operados e 4 sobreviveram (37%). Na segunda fase (estudo) 25 fetos foram operados e 17 sobreviveram (68%). No grupo de estudo, 6 fetos não foram submetidos à correção (grupo controle), 11 casos foram corrigidos e ocorreu 1 perda fetal. Do total de 10 casos, 4 constituíram o grupo A e 6, o grupo B. À macroscopia observou-se deslizamento da pele e tecidos subjacentes sobre a CB em todos os casos onde ela foi empregada e isto não ocorreu em nenhum dos casos onde a MDHA foi utilizada. Para comparar a aderência, foram considerados 4 casos do grupo A e 4 do grupo B. A aderência, caracterizada pela migração de células do hospedeiro e proliferação de vasos para dentro da MDHA, foi observada em 100% dos casos do grupo A e em nenhum caso no grupo B (p < 0,05). No grupo B observou-se formação de uma camada de fibroblastos ao redor do material, protegendo a medula, caracterizando a formação de uma "neoduramater". CONCLUSÃO: A utilização da película de celulose biossintética parece ser mais adequada como substituto de dura-máter para cobertura e proteção do tecido nervoso que a matriz dérmica humana acelular. Ela parece promissora na correção intra-uterina da meningomielocele, evitando a aderência do tecido nervoso aos planos superficiais ("medula presa") minimizando os efeitos deletérios do ambiente intra-uterino sobre a medula espinhal.

          Related collections

          Most cited references22

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Fetal surgery for myelomeningocele and the incidence of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus.

          Intrauterine closure of exposed spinal cord tissue prevents secondary neurologic injury in animals with a surgically created spinal defect; however, whether in utero repair of myelomeningocele improves neurologic outcome in infants with spina bifida is not known. To determine whether intrauterine repair of myelomeningocele improves patient outcomes compared with standard care. Single-institution, nonrandomized observational study conducted between January 1990 and February 1999. Tertiary care medical center. A sample of 29 study patients with isolated fetal myelomeningocele referred for intrauterine repair that was performed between 24 and 30 gestational weeks and 23 controls matched to cases for diagnosis, level of lesion, practice parameters, and calendar time. All infants were followed up for a minimum of 6 months after delivery. Requirement for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, obstetrical complications, gestational age at delivery, and birth weight for study vs control subjects. The requirement for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for decompression of hydrocephalus was significantly decreased among study infants (59% vs 91%; P = .01). The median age at shunt placement was also older among study infants (50 vs 5 days; P = .006). This may be explained by the reduced incidence of hindbrain herniation among study infants (38% vs 95%; P<.001). Following hysterotomy, study patients had an increased risk of oligohydramnios (48% vs 4%; P = .001) and admission to the hospital for preterm uterine contractions (50% vs 9%; P = .002). The estimated gestational age at delivery was earlier for study patients (33.2 vs 37.0 weeks; P<.001), and the birth weight of study neonates was less (2171 vs 3075 g; P<.001). Our study suggests that intrauterine repair of myelomeningocele decreases the incidence of hindbrain herniation and shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in infants with spina bifida, but increases the incidence of premature delivery.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Creation of myelomeningocele in utero: a model of functional damage from spinal cord exposure in fetal sheep.

            A recent study in human fetuses with myelomeningocele (MMC) suggested that the primary malformation is not neural but a failed closure of the posterior vertebral column and paraspinal soft tissue, which leads to exposure and secondary destruction of the spinal cord. The goal of this study was to test whether chronic exposure of the normal spinal cord to the amniotic space produces a lesion similar to human MMC. In fetal sheep at 75 days' gestation (group A) and 60 days' gestation (group B) (term = 150 days), the lumbar spinal cord was exposed to the amniotic cavity by excising skin and paraspinal soft tissues, and by performing a laminectomy. Some animals from both groups were fetectomized and assessed morphologically at 100 days' gestation. The remainder were delivered near term and assessed clinically, electrophysiologically, and morphologically. In group A, all animals showed MMC-type pathology. The exposed spinal cord was herniated out of the spinal canal and rested on the dorsal membranes of a cystic sac. The neural tissue was stretched and flattened out. Histologically, the hallmarks of the spinal cord were not discernable and the cytoarchitecture was lost. These changes were less severe at 100 days than at term. The three survivors in group A were paraplegic. In group B, the two survivors and two fetuses harvested at 100 days had healed skin wounds and near normal spinal cord histology. The other animal harvested at 100 days had a MMC-type lesion with less severe histological changes. The two survivors had a mild paraparesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Revascularization of human acellular dermis in full-thickness abdominal wall reconstruction in the rabbit model.

              This study investigates whether human acellular dermis (Alloderm; LifeCell, Branchburg, NJ) revascularizes when used to reconstruct abdominal wall defects in rabbits. This could prove useful in infected situations in which prosthetic mesh is suboptimal. Twenty-five rabbits were randomly assigned to one of three groups: primary closure (n = 5), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (GoreTex; W.L. Gore, Flagstaff, AZ) repair (n = 10), or AlloDerm (LifeCell) repair (n = 10). The rabbits in the primary closure group received a 7 cm x 0.5 cm full-thickness abdominal wall defect that was closed primarily. A 7 cm x 3 cm full-thickness abdominal wall defect was created in the other two groups. The defects were repaired with a GoreTex Mycromesh (W.L. Gore), or AlloDerm (LifeCell) patch. At 30 days, the following endpoints were evaluated: (1) incidence of herniation; (2) presence of intra-abdominal adhesions; (3) the breaking strength of the patch-fascial interface; and (4) evaluation of graft vascularization by fluorescein dye infusion and histological analysis. There was no incidence of herniation in any of the rabbits. Visceral adhesions to the patch were found in all animals in the Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore) group but in none in the AlloDerm (LifeCell) group. The size of the patch was unchanged in all the rabbits except for two rabbits in the AlloDerm (LifeCell) group that stretched 1 cm in the transverse dimension. The change in size was not statistically significant (p = 0.17) when compared with the change in size in the Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore) group. The mean breaking strength of the primary closure group was significantly higher (521.2 N/mm2 +/- 223.0) than that of the two patch-repair groups (p < 0.05). But there was no significant difference between the mean breaking strength of the AlloDerm (LifeCell) fascial interface (288.6 N/mm2 +/- 97.1 SD) and that of the Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore) fascial interface (337.0 N/mm2 +/- 141.2). Fluorescein dye infusion and histological analysis confirmed vascularization of the AlloDerm (LifeCell) graft. This study demonstrates that AlloDerm (LifeCell) does become vascularized when used as a fascial interposition graft for abdominal wall reconstruction. AlloDerm (LifeCell) also performs mechanically as effectively as Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore) in ventral hernia repair at 1 month after operation in the rabbit model.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                acb
                Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira
                Acta Cir. Bras.
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0102-8650
                1678-2674
                June 2007
                : 22
                : 3
                : 174-181
                Affiliations
                [02] São Paulo orgnameDante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology orgdiv1Experimental Surgery Unit Brazil
                [03] orgnameUSP orgdiv1FM orgdiv2Experimental Physiopathology Department Brazil
                [04] São Paulo orgnameDante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology orgdiv1Experimental Surgery Unit Brazil
                [01] orgnameUSP orgdiv1FM orgdiv2Pathology Department Brazil
                [06] São Paulo orgnameAlbert Einstein Hospital orgdiv1Fetal Medicine Team Brazil
                [05] orgnameUSP orgdiv1FM orgdiv2Pathology Division Brazil
                Article
                S0102-86502007000300004 S0102-8650(07)02200304
                adc7c642-e873-445a-a216-4b928182ad61

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 January 2007
                : 20 March 2007
                : 23 February 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Spinal dysraphism,Prenatal care,Cellulose,Animal experimentation,Sheep,Feto,Meningomielocele,Disrafismo espinhal,Cuidado pré-natal,Celulose,Experimentação animal,Ovinos,Fetus,Meningomyelocele

                Comments

                Comment on this article