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      Evaluation of the Safety of Imatinib Mesylate in 200 Iraqi Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Chronic Phase: Single-Center Study

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          Abstract

          Objective: Imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is presently the drug of choice for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). During therapy, a few patients may develop hematological and non-hematological adverse effects.

          Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of imatinib therapy in patients with CML. Between December 2007 and October 2009 two hundred patients with CML in chronic phase were included in the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to the start of the study. Imatinib was started at 400 mg orally daily. Patients were monitored carefully for any adverse effects. Complete blood count, liver, and renal function tests were done once in 2 weeks during the first month and on a monthly basis during follow-up. Toxicities that encountered were graded as per the National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria version 2. Both hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities were managed with short interruptions of treatment and supportive measures, but the daily dose of imatinib was not reduced below 300 mg/day.

          Results: Two hundred CML patients in chronic phase were included in this study; the male:female ratio was 0.7:1 with mean age 39.06±13.21 years (ranged from 15-81 years). The study showed that the commonest hematological side effects were grade 2 anemia (12.5%) followed by leukopenia (8%) and thrombocytopenia (4%), while the most common non-hematological adverse effects were superficial edema and weight gain (51.5%), followed by musculoskeletal pain (35.5%), then gastro-intestinal symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea) (19%). Fluid retention was the commonest side effect, which responded to low-dose diuretics. The drug was safe and well tolerated. There were no deaths due to toxicity.

          Conclusion: Imatinib mesylate a well-tolerated drug, and all undesirable effects could be ameliorated easily. The most common hematological and non-hematological side effects were anemia and fluid retention, respectively

          Conflict of interest:None declared.

          Translated abstract

          Amaç: Bir tirozin kinaz inhibitörü olan imatinib mesilat, günümüz kronik miyeloid lösemi (KML) itedavisinde ilk seçenek ilaçtır. Tedavi sırasında az sayıda hastada hematolojik ve non-hematolojik yan etkiler gelişebilir.

          Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmanın amacı KML hastalarında imatinib tedavisinin güvenirliğini değerlendirmektir. Aralık 2007-Ekim 2009 arasında kronik faz KML tanılı 200 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Çalışmanın başlamasından önce tüm hastalardan yazılı onam alındı. İmatinib oral yoldan günde 400 mg başlandı. Hastalar yan etkiler yönünden dikkatle izlendi. Tam kan sayımı, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyon testleri ilk ay içinde iki haftada bir, sonrasındaki takipte ise ayda bir yapıldı. İzlenen toksisiteler ulusal kanser enstitüsü toksisite kriterleri 2. versiyona göre derecelendirdi. Hematolojik ve non-hematolojik toksisiteler tedavinin kısa süre kesilmesi ve destek önlemleri ile yönetildi, ancak imatinibin günlük dozu 300 mg’ın altına inilmedi.

          Bulgular: Çalışmaya 200 hasta dahil edildi. Erkek/kadın oranı 0,7:1, ortanca yaş 39,06 (15-81) idi. Çalışmada en sık rastlanan hematolojik yan etkiler grade 2 anemi (%12,5), lökopeni (%8) ve trombositopeni (%4) iken, en sık görülen non-hematolojik toksisiteleri yüzeyel ödem ve kilo alma (%51,5) takiben kas-iskelet ağrısı (%35,5) ve sonrasında gastrointestinal semptomlar (kusma, ishal-%19) olarak bulundu. En sık görülen yan etki düşük doz diüretiklere yanıt veren sıvı retansiyonuydu. İlaç güvenilir bulundu ve iyi tolere edildi. Toksisiteye bağlı ölüm izlenmedi.

          Sonuç: İmatinib mesilat iyi tolere edilen bir ilaçtır ve tüm yan etkiler kolay yönetilebilir. En sık gözlenen hematolojik yan etki anemi, non-hematolojik yan etki ise sıvı retansiyonuydur.

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          Most cited references23

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          Activity of a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Philadelphia chromosome.

          BCR-ABL, a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase, is the product of the Philadelphia chromosome. This enzyme is present in virtually all cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) throughout the course of the disease, and in 20 percent of cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). On the basis of the substantial activity of the inhibitor in patients in the chronic phase, we evaluated STI571 (formerly known as CGP 57148B), a specific inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, in patients who had CML in blast crisis and in patients with ALL who had the Ph chromosome. In this dose-escalating pilot study, 58 patients were treated with STI571; 38 patients had a myeloid blast crisis and 20 had ALL or a lymphoid blast crisis. Treatment was given orally at daily doses ranging from 300 to 1000 mg. Responses occurred in 21 of 38 patients (55 percent) with a myeloid-blast-crisis phenotype; 4 of these 21 patients had a complete hematologic response. Of 20 patients with a lymphoid blast crisis or ALL, 14 (70 percent) had a response, including 4 who had complete responses. Seven patients with a myeloid blast crisis continue to receive treatment and remain in remission from 101 to 349 days after starting the treatment. All but one patient with a lymphoid blast crisis or ALL has relapsed. The most frequent adverse effects were nausea, vomiting, edema, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 is well tolerated and has substantial activity in the blast crises of CML and in Ph-positive ALL.
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            Chronic myeloid leukemia.

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              The biology of chronic myeloid leukemia.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Turk J Haematol
                Turk J Haematol
                TJH
                Turkish Journal of Hematology
                Galenos Publishing
                1300-7777
                1308-5263
                December 2013
                5 December 2013
                : 30
                : 4
                : 387-393
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Clinical Hematology Department, Baghdad, Iraq
                [2 ] National Center of Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Baghdad, Iraq
                Author notes
                * Address for Correspondence: National Center of Hematology, Clinical Hematology Department, Baghdad, Iraq Phone: +9647702743114 E-mail: ala_sh73@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                1054
                10.4274/Tjh.2012.0135
                3874977
                ae38af4a-00de-4508-b1db-bf68ada5bd38
                © Turkish Journal of Hematology, Published by Galenos Publishing.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 18 September 2012
                : 16 January 2013
                Categories
                Research Article

                safety,imatinib,chronic myeloid leukemia
                safety, imatinib, chronic myeloid leukemia

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