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      Respostas metabólicas e cardiorrespiratórias ao exercício máximo e submáximo em meninas eutróficas e com desnutrição pregressa Translated title: Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to maximal and submaximal exercise in eutrophic and stunted girls

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: verificar se a desnutrição pregressa, além de causar déficit na estatura de meninas também poderia estar causando uma limitação funcional à capacidade de realização de exercício máximo e submáximo em bicicleta ergométrica. CASUÍSTICA: 24 meninas, 12 eutróficas de idade (média ± DP) 9,13 ± 0,79 anos; peso 27,64 ± 3,64 kg; e altura 131,31 ± 6,04 cm; e 12 com desnutrição pregressa; idade 9,75 ± 1,10 anos; peso 25,16 ± 2,33 kg; e altura 125,06 ± 3,90 cm. METODOLOGIA: Avaliação clínica e teste ergoespirométrico em bicicleta ergométrica, a partir do qual foram obtidas as variáveis metabólicas e cardiorrespiratórias analisadas. Protocolo de teste: 2 minutos iniciais a 25 watts, seguidos de incrementos de 15 watts a cada 2 minutos, até a exaustão. RESULTADOS: Testes de esforço máximo: não foram observadas diferenças entre o grupo de meninas eutróficas (E) e o grupo de meninas com desnutrição pregressa (D) para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas: VO2max l/min., VO2max ml/min/kg, VEmax , R, FCmax, %FCmax prev e Watts max. Teste de esforço submáximo: foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para as seguintes variáveis: VO2 l/min LA, % VO2max , FC LA, % FCmax LA, VE LA, % VEmax LA. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos para: VO2 ml/min/kg LA e Watts LA. CONCLUSÃO: O restabelecimento da relação peso para estatura em meninas com desnutrição pregressa, considerado como critério de eutrofia, é válido também para indicar ausência de limitação funcional da capacidade de realização de exercício.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: The metabolic and cardiovascular responses of eutrophic girls and girls who underwent early undernutrition, were examined during physical exercise, in order to verify whether previous undernutrition could, in addition to cause a deficit in the children's height, and limit their functional capability to perform a maximal and submaximal exercise in an ergometric bicycle. SUBJECTS: Our sample was composed of 24 girls, of which 12 were eutrophic, with 9.13 ± 0.79 years (mean ± s.d.), 27.64 ± 3.64 kg of body weight, and 131.31 ± 6.04 cm in height. The 12 early undernourished girls were 9.75 ± 1.1 years old, 25.16 ± 2.33 kg, and 125.06 ± 3.9 cm high. MEASUREMENTS: The method included clinical evaluation and ergo-spirometric test on an ergometric bicycle, from which all the metabolic and cardiac-respiratory variables were obtained and analyzed. The test protocol was an initial two minutes period with 25 watts, followed by increments of 15 watts every two minutes, until exhaustion. RESULTS: Analysis of the results of the test of maximal effort did not reveal significant differences between eutrophic (E) and early undernourished (UN) girls in any of the variables: VO2max expressed in l/min (E = 1.11 ± 0.25; UN = 1.02 ± 0.19); VO2max expressed in ml/min/kg (E = 40.23 ± 6.98; UN = 40.53 ± 6.32), VEmax (E = 40.61 ± 8.79; UN = 38.25 ± 8.95), R (E = 1.13 ± 0.07; UN = 1.13 ± 0.05), HRmax (E = 195.33 ± 9.13; UN = 193.85 ± 11.18), previous % HRmax (E = 92.87 ± 4.33; UN = 92.80 ± 4.87), and maximum watts (E = 90.00 ± 20.56; UN = 91.25 ± 11.33). Analysis of the results obtained in test of submaximal effort, reflected by the intensity of effort in the anaerobic threshold (AT), showed differences between the groups in the following variables: VO2max expressed in l/min. (E = 0.77 ± 0.14; UN = 0.62 ± 0.13), % of VO2max (E = 70.07 ± 7.52; UN = 61.21 ± 9.83), HR (E = 166.58 ± 14.25; UN = 146.33 ± 17.40), % HRmax (E = 85.31 ±6.41; UN = 75.50 ± 7.73), VE (E = 24.18 ± 5.81; UN = 17.69 ± 4.30), % VEmax (E = 59.64 ± 8.45; UN = 46.95 ± 10.59). No differences were found for VO2max, expressed in l/min/kg (E = 28.06 ± 4.87; UN = 24.81 ± 5.31) and watts (E = 51.25 ± 17.47; UN = 45.00 ± 9.77). CONCLUSION: The reestablishment of the ratio weight/height in early undernourished girls is also useful to indicate lack of limitation of functional capability to perform physical exercises.

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          The presentation and use of height and weight data for comparing the nutritional status of groups of children under the age of 10 years.

          This paper presents recommendations for the analysis and presentation of height and weight data from surveillance or surveys involving nutrition and anthropometry in young children up to the age of 10 years. These recommendations are only for the analysis of data collected on a cross-sectional basis. The basic indices recommended are height for age and weight for height, each considered either in terms of centiles or in a cross-classification scheme using standard deviation scores. It is hoped that these methods of analysis and presentation will prove widely acceptable, so that international comparisons will be made easier.
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            Gas exchange response to exercise in children.

            We measured the gas exchange response to exercise in 109 normal children (51 girls and 58 boys, ranging in age from 6 to 17 yr old) using noninvasive breath-by-breath techniques. The protocol consisted of cycle ergometry in which the work rate increased in a linear manner (ramp forcing function) until the limit of the subject's tolerance was reached. We measured the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the VO2 at the anaerobic threshold (AT). We found that both of these parameters were highly correlated with increasing height, and that for both the AT and VO2max, the values for boys were significantly higher than girls. We compared our results of VO2max to those obtained by Astrand over 30 years ago using different techniques. When boys and girls were considered together, there were no significant differences between our study and Astrand's; however, girls in our study had significantly lower values for VO2max than did girls in Astrand's study. These data provide normal values for both VO2max and AT and can be used to evaluate the exercise impairment resulting from disease in children.
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              Maximum aerobic power and body composition during the puberty growth period: similarities and differences between children of two European countries.

              This report gives results of a longitudinal study of two cohorts of school children in Norway and West-Germany. The rate of growth in body size and composition is identical for the two samples, but different for the two sexes, and follows closely the trend of growth which has been found for North-Europeans in general. Despite of this similarity in growth of anatomical variables the Norwegian children appeared to be superior in their maximum aerobic power at all comparable ages and in both sexes. The differences between means in maximal oxygen uptake varies somewhat with age and sex and are in the range of 5-10%. It is suggested that the mean differences between Norwegian and German children in their exercise and cardio-vascular fitness are brought about by a more physically active behavioural pattern of living in Norway.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ramb
                Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
                Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.
                Associação Médica Brasileira (São Paulo )
                1806-9282
                October 2000
                : 46
                : 4
                : 312-319
                Article
                S0104-42302000000400029
                10.1590/S0104-42302000000400029
                ae7f77a0-9a71-4cfb-b21d-9f7f479602a6

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-4230&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Exercise,Oxygen consumption,Stunted,Eutrophic girl,Exercício,Consumo de oxigênio,Meninas,Desnutrição pregressa,Eutrofia

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