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      Role of forensic odontology in the Indian Armed Forces: An unexplored arena

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          Abstract

          Forensic odontology (FO) is a branch of forensic medicine that in the interest of justice deals with proper handling and examination of dental evidence. Teeth can survive in most conditions encountered at death and during decomposition, even when the body is exposed to extreme forces and/or temperatures. FO is being practiced worldwide since 1775, after which it has not only become an integral part of the judicial system of the developed countries but also been adopted by the armed forces and investigative agencies of these countries. In India, the awareness of FO is gaining pace since the last decade after the establishment of various organizations and the Dental Council of India making it a part of the curriculum. However, its identity as an individual endeavour is still to be established. Awareness and applicability of FO in the Indian Defense Forces would be of great help for better and accurate record keeping of the dedicated and vigilant warriors of our army. These records will be of great help for easy recognition of our army men at the time of calamities, wars, and other difficulties. It would also be useful in the identification of terrorists who enter our country and travel easily in disguise.

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          Most cited references18

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          Identification by frontal sinus pattern in forensic anthropology.

          The authors report forensic cases from the literature, as well as two personal homicide cases, of identification through comparison of frontal sinus radiographs. A general discussion about identification using frontal sinus X-rays is presented, pointing out the reliability of the method, in reference to the uniqueness of the frontal sinus in humans, but also some difficulties, especially in reference to the distance, orientation and angle of the X-ray technique.
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            Non-destructive dental-age calculation methods in adults: intra- and inter-observer effects.

            The aim of the present study was to obtain data on the reliability and reproducibility of two non-destructive dental-age estimation methods in adults by calculating inter- and intra-observer effects. Both a morphological and a radiological technique available in the scientific literature were evaluated on a number of recently extracted teeth: the morphological technique was evaluated on a total of 160 teeth by two examiners, while three examiners applied the radiological technique on apical radiographs of 72 extracted teeth. Paired t-tests were used to calculate intra- and inter-observer differences. For the morphological method, both examiners were able to produce dental-age estimations that did not differ significantly from the real age of the teeth, obtaining a mean error between 0.5 and 1.8 years and a standard deviation of this error between 9.0 and 11.3 years. When using the radiological technique according to the original protocol, all three examiners produced age estimations that were statistically comparable to the real age of the teeth with a mean error of 0.5-2.5 years and a standard deviation of 4.6-9.8 years. For both techniques, intra-observer differences were observed. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that both non-destructive dental-age estimation techniques were able to produce reasonably accurate dental-age estimations, at least when these techniques were applied appropriately. However, the forensic odontologist is recommended to use different age estimation techniques and perform repetitive measurements in order to verify the reproducibility of the calculations performed. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
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              Forensic dental identification.

              Identification of deceased persons is the most common role of the forensic dentist. Forensic physical comparison of antemortem and postmortem dental data is used to establish that a found body and a missing person are one and the same to a high degree of certainty. An overview of this role is presented as a review of dental identification. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Forensic Dent Sci
                J Forensic Dent Sci
                JFDS
                Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                0975-1475
                0975-2137
                Sep-Dec 2016
                : 8
                : 3
                : 173
                Affiliations
                [1] Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Daswani Dental College and Research Center, Kota, Rajasthan, India
                [1 ] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, B. R. S. Dental College and General Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Karandeep Singh Arora, House No. 1078, Sector 19-B, Chandigarh (UT) - 160 019, Punjab and Haryana, India. E-mail: drkaranarora@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                JFDS-8-173b
                10.4103/0975-1475.195124
                5210108
                aec1bcf7-3470-47d3-8cb1-09b4b6f71e3a
                Copyright: © Journal of Forensic Dental Sciences

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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                Categories
                Review Article

                Forensic science
                armed forces,army,bite marks,dental identification,forensic dentistry,forensic odontology (fo),personnel,wars

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