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      A quantum-enhanced wide-field phase imager

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          Hyperentanglement and SPAD array camera enable wide-field supersensitive quantum imaging.

          Abstract

          Quantum techniques can be used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in optical imaging. Leveraging the latest advances in single-photon avalanche diode array cameras and multiphoton detection techniques, here, we introduce a supersensitive phase imager, which uses space-polarization hyperentanglement to operate over a large field of view without the need of scanning operation. We show quantum-enhanced imaging of birefringent and nonbirefringent phase samples over large areas, with sensitivity improvements over equivalent classical measurements carried out with equal number of photons. The potential applicability is demonstrated by imaging a biomedical protein microarray sample. Our technology is inherently scalable to high-resolution images and represents an essential step toward practical quantum-enhanced imaging.

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          Most cited references66

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          A new microscopic principle.

          D. Gabor (1948)
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            Quantum-enhanced measurements: beating the standard quantum limit.

            Quantum mechanics, through the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, imposes limits on the precision of measurement. Conventional measurement techniques typically fail to reach these limits. Conventional bounds to the precision of measurements such as the shot noise limit or the standard quantum limit are not as fundamental as the Heisenberg limits and can be beaten using quantum strategies that employ "quantum tricks" such as squeezing and entanglement.
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              High-NOON states by mixing quantum and classical light.

              Precision measurements can be brought to their ultimate limit by harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics. In optics, multiphoton entangled states, known as NOON states, can be used to obtain high-precision phase measurements, becoming more and more advantageous as the number of photons grows. We generated "high-NOON" states (N = 5) by multiphoton interference of quantum down-converted light with a classical coherent state in an approach that is inherently scalable. Super-resolving phase measurements with up to five entangled photons were produced with a visibility higher than that obtainable using classical light only.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: ResourcesRole: Software
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ResourcesRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ResourcesRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Validation
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: Writing - review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing - review & editing
                Journal
                Sci Adv
                Sci Adv
                sciadv
                advances
                Science Advances
                American Association for the Advancement of Science
                2375-2548
                November 2021
                17 November 2021
                : 7
                : 47
                : eabj2155
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
                [2 ]Micro Photon Device SRL, Via Waltraud Gebert Deeg 3f, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
                [3 ]Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Via Giuseppe Ponzio, 34, 20133 Milano, Italy.
                [4 ]Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany.
                [5 ]Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Str. 6, 07745 Jena, Germany.
                [6 ]ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7661-5656
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3390-2954
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7552-543X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-0597
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6007-9692
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3702-524X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9251-7231
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1182
                Article
                abj2155
                10.1126/sciadv.abj2155
                8598016
                34788099
                aee95209-e495-43ec-9a6e-9d0b0b2acb86
                Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 28 April 2021
                : 28 September 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010664, H2020 Future and Emerging Technologies;
                Award ID: 801060
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009105, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications;
                Award ID: CEX2019-000910-S
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, Agencia Estatal de Investigación;
                Award ID: CEX2019-000910-S
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033, Agencia Estatal de Investigación;
                Award ID: PID2019-106892RB-I00
                Funded by: H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions;
                Award ID: 713729
                Funded by: H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions;
                Award ID: 801370
                Funded by: Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo;
                Award ID: 74200052
                Funded by: Chilean National Agency for Research and Development ANID under Becas Chile;
                Award ID: 74200052
                Funded by: H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions;
                Award ID: 754510
                Categories
                Research Article
                Physical and Materials Sciences
                SciAdv r-articles
                Applied Physics
                Optics
                Optics
                Custom metadata
                NicoleFalcasantos

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