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      Strombomonas Deflandre (Euglenophyceae) em ambientes aquáticos na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Ibirapuitã, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Translated title: Strombomonas Deflandre (Euglenophyceae) in aquatic environments in the Área de Proteção Ambiental de Ibirapuitã, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Este trabalho é resultado do estudo taxonômico de táxons do gênero Strombomonas Defl. na Área de Proteção Ambiental do Ibirapuitã, localizada no sudoeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As amostras foram coletadas entre março/2011 e março/2012 abrangendo 10 locais, sendo seis no rio Ibirapuitã e quatro em ambientes lóticos e lênticos próximos a esse rio. A análise qualitativa de 26 amostras resultou na identificação de 18 táxons específicos e infraespecíficos. É proposta uma nova combinação Strombomonas scabra (Playf.) S.M. Alves-da-Silva comb. nov. Strombomonas brasiliensis Conf. é o primeiro registro para o Estado. Strombomonas verrucosa (Daday) Defl. var. verrucosa foi muito frequente ocorrendo em amplo espectro de variáveis ambientais como: condutividade elétrica, pH, temperatura da água, sílica e matéria orgânica.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT This paper is the result of the taxonomic study of the genus Strombomonas Defl. in the Área de Proteção Ambiental do Ibirapuitã located in the southwest of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Samples were collected between March 2011 and March 2012 from ten sites, six in the Ibirapuitã River and four in lotic and lentic environments near the river. A qualitative analysis of 26 samples resulted in the identification of 18 specific and infraspecific taxa. A new combination is proposed: Strombomonas scabra (Playf.) S.M. Alves-da-Silva comb. nov. Strombomonas brasiliensis Conf. was registered for the first time in the State. Strombomonas verrucosa (Daday) Defl. var. verrucosa was the most frequent, occurring in a broad spectrum of environmental variables, such as electrical conductivity, pH, water temperature, silica and organic matter.

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          Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of plastid-containing euglenophytes based on SSU rDNA sequence comparisons and synapomorphic signatures in the SSU rRNA secondary structure.

          Sequence comparisons and a revised classification of the Euglenophyceae were based on 92 new SSU rDNA sequences obtained from strains of Euglena, Astasia, Phacus, Trachelomonas, Colacium, Cryptoglena, Lepocinclis, Eutreptia, Eutreptiella and Tetreutreptia. Sequence data also provided molecular signatures for taxa from genus to class level in the SSU rRNA secondary structure, revealed by a novel approach (search for non-homoplasious synapomorphies) and used for taxonomic diagnoses. Photosynthetic euglenoids and secondary heterotrophs formed a clade, designated as Euglenophyceae (emend.) with two orders: Euglenales and Eutreptiales. The mostly marine Eutreptiales (Eutreptia, Eutreptiella; not Distigma) comprised taxa with two or four emergent flagella (the quadriflagellate Tetreutreptia was integrated within Eutreptiella). The Euglenales (freshwater genera with < or = one emergent flagellum) formed nine clades and two individual branches (single strains); however, only two clades were congruent with traditional genera: Trachelomonas (incl. Strombomonas) and Colacium. Euglena was polyphyletic and diverged into four independent clades (intermixed with Astasia, Khawkinea and Lepocinclis) and two individual branches (e.g. E. polymorpha). Phacus was also subdivided into Phacus s. str. and two combined lineages (mixed with Lepocinclis spp. or Cryptoglena). In consequence, Euglena (s. str.), Phacus and other genera were emended and one lineage (mixed Phacus/Lepocinclis-clade) was recognized as the previously neglected genus Monomorphina Mereschkowsky (1877). The sister clade of Phacus s. str. (mixed Euglena/Lepocinclis-clade) was identified as Lepocinclis Perty (emended).
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            Similarity among periphyton algal communities in a lentic-lotic gradient of the upper Paraná river floodplain, Brazil

            Floristic comparison of periphyton communities from three systems with different hydrodynamic regimes (lentic, semilotic, and lotic) was carried out during high and low water periods on the Upper Paraná River floodplain. For each period and system, glass slides were sampled every two days during 18-day periods, and Eichhornia azurea Kunth petioles were sampled three times. A total of 228 species was collected, representing 12 classes, mainly diatoms and desmids. The highest species-richness was found in communities from lentic system and during high water. Species richness in the lotic system was more stable over succession and hydrological periods. Algal taxonomic structure in river community was clearly separated from the other two systems, with 43% of similarity level. The hydrological period was next in importance, followed last by the substratum type, with communities associated at 65-78% similarity levels, depending on system and hydrological period. The type of system, but not the water levels,was the main factor that influenced community richness, followed by disturbances caused by flood pulses and the operation of reservoirs upstream. The periphyton on artificial and natural substrata presented high degree of similarity.
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              Reconstructing euglenoid evolutionary relationships using three genes: nuclear SSU and LSU, and chloroplast SSU rDNA sequences and the description of Euglenaria gen. nov. (Euglenophyta).

              Using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of three genes, nuclear SSU (nSSU) and LSU (nLSU) rDNA, and chloroplast SSU (cpSSU) rDNA, the relationships among 82 plastid-containing strains of euglenophytes were clarified. The resulting tree split into two major clades: clade one contained Euglena, Trachelomonas, Strombomonas, Colacium, Monomorphina, Cryptoglena and Euglenaria; clade two contained Lepocinclis, Phacus and Discoplastis. The majority of the members of Euglena were contained in clade A, but seven members were outside of this clade. Euglena limnophila grouped with, and was thus transferred to Phacus. Euglena proxima was a single taxon at the base of clade one and is unassociated with any subclade. Five members of Euglena grouped together within clade one and were transferred into the newly erected genus Euglenaria. The monophyly of the remaining genera was supported by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses. Combining datasets resolved the relationships among ten genera of photosynthetic euglenoids. Copyright 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                hoehnea
                Hoehnea
                Hoehnea
                Instituto de Botânica (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0073-2877
                2236-8906
                December 2017
                : 44
                : 4
                : 539-558
                Affiliations
                [1] Porto Alegre RS orgnameFundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Museu de Ciências Naturais Brasil
                Article
                S2236-89062017000400539
                10.1590/2236-8906-10/2017
                af759608-93a1-402f-9502-b66dc1ba454e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 February 2017
                : 31 July 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 73, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                bioma Pampa,Euglenophyta,sudoeste do RS,taxonomia,Pampa biome,southwest of Rio Grande do Sul State,taxonomy

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